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Biomedical subjects

P Lheureux

Publications and source records attributed to P Lheureux.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Zolpidem intoxication mimicking narcotic overdose: response to flumazenil.

Zolpidem is a recently introduced sleep-inducer which is thought to act on the central-type benzodiazepine receptors. This observation is the first report of drug poisoning with this compound. The toxic response was characterized by the development of a profound but short-lasting coma, associated with pin-point pupils and respiratory depression, as observed in a narcotic overdose. These clinical signs were not influenced by the administration of naloxone, but responded dramatically to flumazenil. Some analytical data on zolpidem toxicokinetics are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Specific treatment of benzodiazepine overdose.

Intentional benzodiazepine (BZD) overdose is usually a benign condition frequently encountered in the emergency department of hospital. Twenty-one patients, who were suspected of BZD overdose, were treated with the antagonist of the central type BZD-receptors Ro 15-1788. Samples for toxicological analysis were taken before and after treatment. The patients were divided into three groups. In the first group (pure BZD overdose, n = 9), rapid and complete awakening was observed in all the patients (9/9) with 3.5 +/- 1.5 mg Ro 15-1788. In the second group of patients with multiple drugs poisoning (including BZD, n = 6), CNS depression improved in all the patients despite incomplete awakening. In the last group (n = 6), where no BZD were detected in toxicological samples, none of the comatous patients improved significantly during Ro 15-1788 administration, except one patient with pure ethanol intoxication. No undesirable effects are reported, except mild transitory withdrawal syndrome in three cases following rapid injection. This study supports the introduction of Ro 15-1788 as a useful antidote in the diagnosis and the treatment of drug-induced coma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Omental panniculitis: an unusual cause of acute appendiceal syndrome.

We report the case of a 41-year-old patient with no history of abdominal symptoms who presented with an acute painful syndrome of the right flank and iliac fossa suggesting acute appendicitis. The diagnosis of panniculitis of the great omentum was suggested preoperatively by the particular aspect of omental fat observed by abdominal sonography and computed tomography. A subvoval omentum resection was performed and the outcome was uneventful.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Fulminant pulmonary edema after near-drowning: remarkably high colloid osmotic pressure in tracheal fluid.

A 44-year-old man developed severe permeability pulmonary edema associated with septic shock after near-drowning. Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of deep tracheal fluid was persistently higher than plasma COP. Tracheal/plasma COP ratio reached a peak value of 1.75. A massive colloid infusion of 5% protein solution was incriminated in the development of this markedly elevated COP in the tracheal fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Administration of sulmazol in low-output states following cardiac surgery.

Sulmazol (AR-L 115BS), a phenylimidazopyridine derivative, which combines positive inotropic and vasodilating properties, was administered to nine patients who had a low cardiac output state (cardiac index below 2.0 L/min/m2) within 24 hours after cardiac surgery for valvular replacement (eight patients) or septal repair after myocardial infarction (one patient). Sulmazol, administered as a 60-minute infusion of 1.8 mg/min, resulted in significant increases in cardiac output and cardiac work, associated with significant decreases in cardiac filling pressures. Arterial pressure did not change notably, and systemic vascular resistance decreased significantly. A small but significant increase in heart rate was also observed. By its combined inotropic and vasodilating properties, sulmazol can be helpful in the management of low-output states after cardiac surgery.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oxidant radical release by alveolar macrophages after cadmium chloride exposure in vitro.

Chronic exposure to cadmium can cause lung emphysema, the mechanism of which is unknown. Current concepts on the pathogenesis of emphysema largely emphasize the role of a protease-antiprotease imbalance. The aim of this work was to study the effects of cadmium on the regulation of antiprotease activity and the release of oxidant radicals from alveolar macrophages. Guinea pig alveolar macrophages (AM) were exposed overnight to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in vitro. To define the cytolytic threshold dose, cell lysis was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion and lactate dehydrogenase release. Non-cytolytic concentrations were then used (0.1, 0.4 and 0.8 ppm) to simulate chronic exposure conditions. Overnight exposure to 0.1, 0.4 and 0.8 ppm CdCl2 decreased intracellular ATP (mean +/- SD: 91 +/- 8%, 72 +/- 7%, 50 +/- 8% of control cells, respectively), suggesting that even at non-cytolytic doses, Cd2+ can cause cell injury. The assessment of oxygen radical release from AM after overnight exposure to CdCl2 showed a dose-dependent decrease to 54.3 +/- 8.2%, 32.2 +/- 4.3% and 25 +/- 3% of control after exposure to 0.1, 0.4 and 0.8 ppm Cd2+, respectively. At non-cytolytic concentrations (0.1, 0.4 and 0.8 ppm) CdCl2 did not decrease alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor activity either in the absence of AM or in the presence of AM and myeloperoxidase. In conclusion, our in vitro results do not suggest that a protease-antiprotease imbalance is involved in the pathogenesis of cadmium-induced emphysema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A Campylobacter coli foodborne outbreak in Belgium.

In May 1995, the Scientific Institute of Public Health was informed of an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness in a congregational school in the Brussels area. The field investigation identified 24 cases with mild to severe gastrointestinal and general symptoms of acute bacterial enterocolitis. Campylobacter coli was detected in the stools of 5 patients. A retrospective cohort study suggested that a mixed salad (containing ham and feta cheese) was the probable source of infection, but the route of contamination remained unknown. The rapid investigation of such episodes of collective foodborne infections is essential for the implementation of adequate control measures.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HPLC quantification of zolpidem and prothipendyl in a voluntary intoxication.

Zolpidem, a recently developed sleep inducer, and prothipendyl, a neuroleptic azaphenothiazine, were involved in a voluntary intoxication along with ethanol. After administration of flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepines antagonist, respiratory depression was corrected. HPLC with UV detection methods after selective extraction were developed to measure simultaneously prothipendyl and zolpidem without flumazenil interaction. These methods could be applied in drug monitoring and in emergency toxicology.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of PK11195 on cardiovascular toxicity due to verapamil: an experimental study in the dog.

In vitro studies have suggested that peripheral binding sites (PBR) for benzodiazepine (BZD) could be coupled to the voltage operated calcium channel (VOC) in the heart and that PK11195, an non-BZD ligand with antagonistic activity at this receptors, could inhibit the electrophysiological and mechanical properties of both "peripheral" benzodiazepines and calcium channel blockers. This study evaluates the antidotal value of PK11195 against the cardiovascular depression and arrhythmias in a canine model of acute verapamil intoxication. Although sinus activity is more often preserved or restored (7/8 vs 1/6) in the animals treated with PK11195, this compound, administered in doses able to saturate heart PBR, is unable to prevent or correct the haemodynamic alterations induced by acute verapamil intoxication and the improvement of survival (8/8 vs 3/6) is not significant.

Animals↗