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Biomedical subjects

P Laval

Publications and source records attributed to P Laval.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[The value of body tomodensitometry for diagnosis in pneumology].

The authors present a preliminary work on 37 pulmonary tomodensitometry performed on 18 bronchial cancers, 7 pleuro-pulmonary metastases, 4 normal lungs and 8 various respiratory diseases. This method presents a double advantage:--first it localizes the affection in relation to pleura, mediastinum or heart; specially interesting in case of a transparietal puncture in carcinology;--secondly, densitometry enables a differentiation between dense tumoral tissue and ventilatory disorders or pleurisy; it is also useful in determining the tumoral target volume. Finally this new technique can show air cavities (emphysema, tuberculous or cancerous caverns) as well as pleurisies of small volume.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Analysis of flow-volume curves in asthmatic patients and their application in pharmacodynamic tests (author's transl)].

Study of the influence of some parameters upon flow-volume curves and pressure-type body plethysmography during inhalation tests (acetylcholine; metaproterenol) in 10 asthmatic patients (5 males and 5 females). Although the specific conductance decreased when bronchoconstriction was induced and returned to values superior to those measured before provocation when a bronchodilator was administered, changes in specific conductance did not always parallel those of flow-volume curves (V/V), maximum expiratory volume/sec (VEMS) and mid-miximum expiratory flow rate (MMEFR). All the parameters of V/V used here are well correlated with VEMS and MMEFR but not so with the specific conductance. The inverse correlation between the time constants of V/V and residual/total pulmonary capacity (VR/CT) before provocation and the significant decrease after provocation, indicate that V 60 (or 70%) CT and V 75% vital capacity (CV) are most valuable for the evaluation of physiopathological ventilatory changes occurring in bronchoconstriction.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1976

[Epidemiologic study of chronic bronchitis in shipyard workers (selection of the most discriminating respiratory functional parameters)].

Out of 1106 subjects working in shipyards, either building or repairing, an epidemiological survey showed that 7.8% had chronic bronchitis. The ratio varied according to the age groups (4.1% to 9.4% from 35 to 55 years) and smoking habit (1.2% in non smokers against 13.6% in heavy smokers). The study of ventilatory parameters in 169 subjects taken at random showed that various tests (VC, FEV1, FEV1/VC, MMFR, RV, RV/TLC, V at 60% TLC, Raw, TCO) did not have a specific value. In an epidemiological study simple measures (VC, FEV1, FEV1/VC, MMFR) taken by strong plain apparatus would be enough.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Therapeutic survival beyond 5 years in medically treated primary bronchial cancer. Apropos of 9 cases].

The authors report 9 observations of bronchial carcinoma with a surviving time of 5 years or more. They insist on the various factors on which depends the surviving time: --histology: a differentiated epidermoid epithelioma has better results; --localization of the tumour: cancers of the apex or the trachea have a slow evolution but a very bad prognosis; --therapeutical methods: high energy radiotherapy at curative doses is the best medical treatment of bronchial cancer and chemotherapy is only its complement; --prolonged and regular check ups are a major point in this fighting of cancer. Beyond keeping watch on the general health, it enables early detection and treatment of any evolutive recurrence. Seven of their patients benefited from such repeated treatment.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1975

[Complications of lymphography. A propos of 5 cases].

Complications noted following lymphography have been published by several authors. The authors report here a series of 5 cases occurring in patients with mediastinal and lung cancer. They report the various clinical manifestations resembling fat embolism, the free interval and general signs, pulmonary, neurological, hematological and dermatological symptoms associated with inconstant laboratory abnormalities which permit one to suggest a complex pathogenesis: --Immuno-allergic (early shock due to circulating antibodies). --Mechanical and vascular: incomplete removal of low viscosity lipiodol by the pulmonary macrophage system permits liberation of micro-vascular emboli. --By abnormality of blood coagulation and the onset of a syndrome of widespread intravascular coagulation. Better recognition of the pathogenesis associated with the development of new therapeutic principles, should permit better prevention and control of these complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Karyotypes, supernumerary chromosomes, rudimentary parthenogenesis and polyploidy in 2 species of the genus Phronima (Crustacea, Amphipoda)].

The diploid number of Phronima sedentaria and P. atlantica is 30, all the chromosomes are metacentric or submetacentric; the caryotypes of these two species are compared with those of other Amphipods. Some individuals of each species have a supernumerary chromosome. This element, found in both sexes, remains as an univalent at meiosis and goes earlier to one pole. In some cases nonfertilized ova undergo segmentation; this rudimentary parthenogenesis stops quickly and is partly related to polyploidization.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1975

A canonical discriminant analysis of post-embryonic development in Notonecta Maculata fabricius (Insecta:Heteroptera).

A multivariate method, canonical discriminant analysis, was used to discern a pattern of growth in Notonecta maculata. A stepwise procedure reduced the 11 metrical characters measured on individuals of both sexes, from the 1st larval stage to the adult, to 4 significant variates which were used in the canonical analysis. The four canonical variates accounted for the meaningful part of the variablity. Relying on bivariate allometry and on an experimentation with a juvenile hormone analogue, each independent direction of variation was related to combined effects of such biological factors as a general growth trend, sex and juvenile hormone.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1975

[Blood gas determination in the newborn infant (prognostic and therapeutic value)].

A study of 55 blood gas determinations performed on the umbilical vein blood in the new-born (determinations of pH, SAO2, PaCO2, O2 vol% of total blood, CO2 vol% of total plasma, hemoglobin, hematocrit and, in some cases, PaO2). The cases include: 26 girls, 23 boys, issued from 9 primiparas (mean age: 25 years) and 40 multiparas (mean age: 28 years). In 18 of these cases, the parturient woman was administered oxygen. In 6 cases the delivery was complicated. The comparison of the data obtained by means of blood gas determination with the Apgar test evidences the value of the determination of these biological parameters. Authors insist on the necessity to make a functional respiratory study in the pregnany woman exhibiting a chronic respiratory deficiency, and to perform a blood gas determination and an oxygen-therapy (with an hyperoxygenated gas mixture -- O2 60% -- N2 40%) during the labour in order to avoid a fetal anoxia and its consequences, always redoubtable.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1975

[Comparison in patients with chronic bronchitis of the data offered by the output-volume loop and the transfer capacity of CO].

The present study concerns 78 cases of chronic bronchitis (mean age : 55,3 years) submitted to a complete enough functional respiratory study (spirometry, RV, blood gases) and distributed into three groups:--Group I: 78 cases, mean age : 55 years. All these patients were submitted to spirometry, blood gases determination and determination of the transfer capacity of CO (by making use of the method under single breath : 54 cases,--or the method with steady state : 24 cases).--Group II : 15 cases, mean age 54 years. All these patients were submitted to spirometry, blood gases determination, determination of the transfer capacity of CO with the method under single breath and to a determination of the V (60-70%) CT output on the output-volume loop.--Group III : 13 cases, mean age 53,9 years. All these patients were submitted to spirometry, blood gases determination, determination of the transfer capacity of CO with the method under steady state and a determination of the V (60-70%) CT output on the output-volume loop. The comparison of the data and the study of the eventual correlations between the various parameters determined suggests that the determination of the V (60-70 %) CT on the V/V loop is a more reliable parameter of the obstructive ventilatory syndrome than the determination of the disorders in the transfer capacity of CO. This latter method of study under steady state appears often modified when there exists an alveolar (as yet mentioned by other authors); however, this is not the case when the test is performed under single breath. In the detection of chronic bronchitis, the informations obtained with the determination of the V (60-70 %) CT output appear thus to assume a great value, but these results necessitate to be verified in a greater number of patients.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1975

[Study of the distribution of haptoglobin groups in Marseilles, in normal and in cancer subjects].

Authors have studied 758 sera from normal subjects in Marseille area. The genotype frequencie Hp 1 is 0,39, similar that of France in general. The phenotype repartition is 16% for Hp 1-1, 45% for Hp 2-1 and 39% for Hp 2-2. People with carcinoma have shown a increase of the frequencie of the phenotype Hp 2-2 and a decrease of the frequencie of genotype Hp 1, mostly in lung carcinoma (Hp 1 = 0,29) and in carcinoma of digestive track (Hp 1 = 0,19). However, a control group, which is constituted by people hospitalized in the Anti-Cancerous Center, has a Hp 1 frequencie of 0,29 a well as lung carcinoma, no explication was found.

France↗