Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Laure

Publications and source records attributed to P Laure.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Drugs, recreational drug use and attitudes towards doping of high school athletes.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the substances used, and the attitudes towards doping of high school athletes. A four-page, self-completed questionnaire was designed to determine the drugs used (licit, illicit and doping substances) along with beliefs about doping and the psychosociological factors associated with their consumption. The questionnaire was distributed to all the high school students enrolled in a school sports association in the Lorraine region in Eastern France. The completed forms were received from 1459 athletes: 4 % stated that they had used doping agents at least once in their life (their main source of supply being peers and health professionals). Thirty-four percent of the sample smoked some tobacco, 66 % used alcohol, 19 % cannabis, 4 % ecstasy, 10 % tranquillizers, 9 % hypnotics, 4 % creatine and 41 % used vitamins against fatigue. Beliefs about doping did not differ among doping agent users and non-users, except for the associated health risks which were minimized by users. Users of doping agents stated that the quality of the relations that they maintain with their parents is sharply degraded, and they reported that they are susceptible to influence and difficult to live with. More often than non-doping agent users, these adolescents are neither happy, nor healthy, while paradoxically, they seem less anxious and they are more self-confident. Our findings suggest that doping prevention among young athletes cannot be limited uniquely to the list of banned drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

General practitioners and doping in sport: attitudes and experience.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the attitudes to, and knowledge of, doping in sport of French general practitioners (GPs), and their contact with drug taking athletes on an everyday basis. METHODS: A total of 402 GPs were randomly selected from all over France and interviewed by telephone, using a prepared script. RESULTS: The response rate was 50.5% (153 men and 49 women; mean (SD) age 45.6 (5.6) years). Of the respondents, 73% confirmed that they had the list of banned products, and only 34.5% stated that they were aware of the latest French law, brought into effect in March 1999, concerning the fight against doping. Some 11% had directly encountered a request for prescription of doping agents over the preceding 12 months (the requested substances were mainly anabolic steroids, stimulants, and corticosteroids), and 10% had been consulted by an athlete who was using doping drugs and was frightened of the health risks (the substances used were mainly anabolic steroids). Over half (52%) of the GPs favoured the prescription of drug substitutions to athletes who used doping agents. According to 87.5% of respondents, doping is a public health problem, and 80% stated that doping is a form of drug addiction. Most (89%) said that a GP has a role to play in doping prevention, but 77% considered themselves poorly prepared to participate in its prevention. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that (a) GPs have limited knowledge of doping and (b) are confronted with doping in their daily practice, at least occasionally.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Attitudes of coaches towards doping.

BACKGROUND: Coaches are usually held to be among the main actors of doping prevention campaigns. The aim of this study was to document certain attitudes of professional coaches faced with doping, and to evaluate how they confronted it on an everyday basis. METHODS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: prospective study by self-reporting questionnaire. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: the questionnaire was mailed to the last 800 graduated coaches (1994-1997) in the Lorraine region, Eastern France. The 260 responding coaches comprised 77 women and 183 men, the average age being 30.8 +/- 8.0 years (mean +/- standard deviation). RESULTS: 10.3% of coaches consider that an athlete may use doping with no health hazard with the help of a physician, and 30.0% that an athlete who declines doping has little chance of succeeding. 5.8% had used doping drugs in the last twelve months (1 to 6 times). 13.5% of coaches mention that athletes (1 to 5 per coach on average) told them they had been prompted to use doping drugs during the previous 12 months. 80.7% consider that the current methods of preventing doping in sport are ineffective, and 98.1% of them consider that they have a role to play within this context, but 80.3% consider themselves badly trained in the prevention of doping. Only 10.4% have organized a doping prevention action during the last 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, professional coaches do not seem to be efficient in the prevention of doping. Further education and training for coaches on doping is advisable.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Prevention of doping in sport in adolescents: evaluation of a health education based intervention].

BACKGROUND: The extent of sport doping and its potential risks for health is to be considered as a problem of public health. Until now, only a very few number of prevention programs have been shown to be efficient. The aim of this prospective study was to test the benefit of a specific educational intervention to reduce the intent of adolescent athletes to use drugs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The participants were 476 adolescent athletes involved into high-level events, 238 were included in the experimental group and 238 as control group. The intervention was divided in four stages: information on epidemiology of doping in sport, discussions about nutritional supplement and other authorized products, a drug simulating role play, and information on self-medication. The program was evaluated by a self-administrated questionnaire before, just after the intervention, and three months later. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the intention to use doping drugs, and an increase in the perception of being able to refuse doping was found in the experimental group three months after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: This work suggests that health education based interventions are effective in preventing drug use among adolescent athletes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Value of pulmonary gas exchange study during exercise in the diagnosis of a muscular glycogenosis].

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of muscular glycogen storage disease is usually difficult to demonstrate as symptoms normally consist of muscular cramps and exercise intolerance. Informations obtained from the study of the pulmonary gas exchange during exercise in a young patient with a glycogen storage disease are reported. CASE REPORT: The ventilatory and gas exchange responses to a cyclo-ergometer exercise were studied in a 17-year-old girl during a ramp-like test (5 W/min). The temporal profile of CO2 production (VCO2) response was clearly abnormal: VCO2 was always lower than oxygen consumption throughout the test, reflecting the lack of lactate buffering by the bicarbonates due to the absence of lactate production. The respiratory ratio was still around 0.75 at the peak of the test. In contrast, responses were perfectly normal in the other members of the family, allowing rejection of the diagnosis of glycogen storage disease without any blood sampling. CONCLUSION: This case illustrates the benefit of studying pulmonary gas exchange during exercise for a non-invasive diagnosis of muscular glycogen storage disease and detection of the disease in the other members of family.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Epidemiologic approach of doping in sport. A review.

OBJECTIVE: To determine, the prevalence of doping in sport as it was reported by the athletes during surveys, and to try to isolate risk factors to resort to doping. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Medline, Pascal and Embase search for the period from 1980 to 1996. STUDY SELECTION: Of the 44 studies produced, 15 were not included in the detailed data summary because they reported statistical data from antidoping controls, they were not enough specific, or they concerned horse races. DATA EXTRACTION: Details of study design, drugs studied, prevalence. When available, were also noted: the sport practiced and the motives for doping. RESULTS: Among children, doping prevalence in around 3-5%. Among adults, in self-reported use studies, doping prevalence may be estimated at 5-15%, where projected use studies report a mean prevalence near 15-25%. Studies provide few data about the sports that produce drug users. CONCLUSIONS: The extent of sport doping and its potential risks for health must make it to be considered as a problem of public health. This means that physicians must, at last, consider it as any other problem and change their behaviour against doping, in order not to reduce the subject to the sole list of prohibited substances. As for sports federations, they must, as last, recognize that prevalence of doping is high. Lastly, new studies are essential to determine motives for doping and to institute the predictable factors for this practice, what will perhaps make efficient the prevention campaigns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[General practitioners and doping in sports: knowledge and attitudes].

Most campaigns of prevention from doping (use of certain substances by athlete that could have an effect like an artificial improvement of his (or her) physical and/or mental conditions) have been relied on the physicians considered as main actors in this field. However do the physicians have the necessary knowledge and attitudes and do they simply wish to take part pertinently in actions of doping prevention? This study has been conducted in order to examine their knowledge and attitudes in front of doping, to evaluate their role in the prevention campaign. So 280 french physicians have randomly been selected and interviewed by telephone. The response rate was about 62%. The selected population was made up of 173 physicians in which were 122 males and 51 females, the average age was 44.5 +/- 6.5 years. The questioned physicians seemed to have a few knowledge about doping, in particular through the eight families of prohibited substances in which they only mentioned anabolic steroids and amphetamines. Only 50% of them think doping can also concern children, therefore 33.6% had have to face this problem in the latest 12 months. For 86.5% of the questioned physicians, doping is a serious public health problem and 60% of them consider it as a kind of drug addiction. According to 60.9% of them, campaigns of prevention from doping are inefficient; and 92.5% would like to take part in it but 83.3% of them do not feel themselves prepared enough. The results are always similar with or without sports medicine diploma. Three different families of the physicians' attitudes are described. The physicians' involvement in doping prevention claims an action in two parts: to change their behaviours facing to doping they have to consider as any health issue, to provide them with prevention efficient "tools" for their sports patients. At last, considering doping as a public health issue and not only as a marginal practice restricted to the athletic elite is really essential.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

High-level athlete's impressions of their preparticipation sports examination.

OBJECTIVE: To document the high-level athletes' impressions of their preparticipation examination (PE). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Prospective study by self-reporting questionnaire. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: One hundred-fifty French athletes, involved in national or international-level events (PE is obligatory every year in France). Response rate obtained was 71%. Subject population consisted of 107 normal, healthy, elite athletes, ranging in age from 16 to 31 years (mean 22.4 years), included 69 males and 38 females. MEASURES: Knowledge and impression of PE, based upon the athletes' own experience. All of the consulted physician were trained and qualified in sports medicine. RESULTS: Thirty-six percent of the athletes reported having had bad-quality preparticipation sports visit (no significant difference between gender or age). According to them, medical history taking was "poor", and physical examination "restricted to blood pressure measurement" and/or "chest listening" and "not targeted enough on past athletic injuries". Athletes said PE should especially evaluate the cardiovascular system (75% of all citations to the item), the musculoskeletal system (16%) and the lungs (8%), and should involve an electrocardiogram (41%). CONCLUSIONS: Challenges for the future: 1) better educate physician in sport, to improve the preventive aspects of sports medicine 2) physicians should provide information to coaches and athletes concerning the optimal balance between health and physical performance, and therefore to the interest of PE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Doping and high-level endurance walkers. Knowledge and representation of a prohibited practice.

The purpose of this study is the representation of doping in high-level endurance walkers, based on a sample survey by questionnaire. The analysis of data shows that for walkers, doping seems only to be considered through its potential benefits. Increasing performance, wish to win and money are the three principal motives to use it, especially anabolic steroids and amphetamines. They think that analgesic injections should not be considered as doping. Thus, they are agreeing with drug testing but not with definition of doping in sport. In their circle, 41% of all subjects have heard of endurance walkers using ergogenic drugs. The need for better drug education is expressed by these results.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Skiing accidents].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Doping: epidemiological studies].

PREVALENCE: Whatever method is used (observation, interviews, questionnaire, laboratory tests), it is difficult to collect epidemiological data on doping. Particularly difficult problems are related to the definitions of sports players and the drugs involved as well as the often illicit nature of drug use. RESULTS: The prevalence of doping in children and adolescents participating in sports is estimated at 3% to 5% with higher percentages in boys, older adolescents and those playing at a competition level. Use of anabolic steroids, as early as 8 years of age, has increased since 1990, especially in girls. All studies have emphasized how easy it is for adolescents to procure any prohibited drug. In adults participating in amateur sports, the prevalence of doping would be 5% to 15%. All sports are involved with higher prevalence in men, age ranges 20-25 years and 35-39 years, and competitive level players. The main drugs used are stimulants, narcotics, corticosteroids and anabolic steroids. Combination of at least 2 drugs is frequent with an increase of mean daily dose over the last 15 years. According to users, the drugs are obtained with a medical prescription, on the underground market, or from other participants. Few data are available on doping outside sports activities. In the French department Meurthe-et-Moselle, 15% of the inhabitants use drugs to improve their occupational performance. CONCLUSIONS: Doping is more widespread than would be expected from antidoping control data. Other studies are needed to acquire more precise epidemiological data.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Consumption of performance-enhancing drugs by medical students in Nancy].

Medical students, who deal routinely with difficult studies and with patients, are not always prepared for this challenge. This may produce a specific and important source of stress. As a consequence, medical students may sometimes develop maladaptive responses, such as substance abuse. This study aimed to evaluate performance-enhancing drug use among medical students at the University Hospital of Nancy, France. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was given to all 104 eighth-year residents. The 93 responding students (37 female and 56 male), were aged 28.0 +/- 2.2 years (mean +/- SD); 53 per cent of the subjects reported enhancing-substance use in their first year of medical studies (72 per cent during preparation for their difficult examinations and 28 per cent throughout the year). The main substances were vitamins, anti-fatigue capsules, betablockers, marijuana (illicit drug) and benzodiazepines; 46 per cent of them were still using these drugs during the second to sixth years of their medical course. The main sources of drugs were retail pharmacists, with or without medical prescriptions. Could this use persist and lead to doctors with substance problems?

Adult↗