Complete genomic sequence of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Biomedical subjects
P Lambert
Publications and source records attributed to P Lambert.
The effect of testing time on students' performance for the subject examination for internal medicine.
The authors tested the hypothesis that increasing the allotted testing time from two to four hours for the National Board of Medical Examiners medicine subject examination would increase the score on this examination when given as part of the clerkship evaluation. One-hundred six students who completed their medicine clerkships between September 1991 and August 1992 (group 1) were compared with 96 students who completed their clerkships between September 1992 and August 1993 (group 2). The mean medicine subject examination score for group 1 was 462 +/- 86, vs 518 +/- 108 for group 2 (p = 0.0003). Regression analysis using the medicine subject examination score as the dependent variable and all baseline characteristics, group assignment, and time of year the test was taken as independent variables demonstrated significant interactions only for United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 score (R2 = 0.48, beta weight = 0.68, p = 0.0000) and group assignment (R2 = 0.05, beta weight = 0.18, p = 0.002). The authors conclude that increased testing time for the medicine subject examination from two to four hours is associated with a significant increase in scores; however, scores on the preclinical USMLE Step 1 showed a stronger association.
Adult↗
Physical properties of particles of ipratropium and clenbuterol generated by equipment suitable for the inhalation of drugs by calves.
When solutions of ipratropium and clenbuterol were atomised at 300 kPa and 450 kPa in equipment suitable for the inhalation of drugs by calves, the numbers, velocities and diameters of the particles produced were similar. When the pressure was increased to 600 kPa more of the particles were less than 2 microns in diameter and fewer were more than 7 microns in diameter, the fractions of the total mass of the solution generated in these size ranges were similarly increased and decreased, and the velocities of the particles were increased. At any given pressure, the numbers of particles of different sizes, and the proportions of the total mass generated, were similar for the solutions of ipratropium and clenbuterol, but a solution of saline produced more particles with a diameter less than 3 microns. Particles from the solution of ipratropium had the highest velocity and particles from the solution of clenbuterol had the lowest velocity.
Administration, Inhalation↗
Saliva stimulants and the oral health of geriatric patients.
Root-surface caries (RSC) has been recognized as a specific and important dental disease. Significant advances have been made in the pathology and microbiology of RSC, and the need to standardize the guidelines for recording RSC data has been recognized. Researchers have emphasized the increasing impact RSC will have on the geriatric population, especially since the methods to treat and prevent this disease are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of limiting RSC in a Veterans Administration (VA) patient population, using polyol-containing saliva stimulants that were voluntarily consumed by residents of a VA Medical Center (VAMC) over a period of from six to 30 months. Another aim was to study the effect of this program on the gingival health of periodontal patients.
Aged↗
Wheeze in preschool children: who is followed-up, who is treated and who is hospitalized?
This study determined the proportions of children < or = 5 yrs of age with reported wheeze who were undergoing medical follow-up, receiving anti-asthma medication, or admitted to hospital; and investigated factors important in determining which children would receive these treatments. The symptomatic children represented a wheeze prevalence of 16% of the study sample of 1,422 children. The cumulative incidence of treatment and hospitalization and point prevalence of current medical follow-up were determined using a parent-answered postal questionnaire study of a population-based random sample of 222 children. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for wheeze severity, environmental, social, familial and demographic factors found to affect the likelihood of these treatment end-points. Among 222 children with wheeze, 99 (35%) were under current medical review, 165 (75%) had received medication, and 48 (22%) reported being hospitalized. Current follow-up was more likely in girls (OR 2.22; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.12-4.38), with more than three attacks of wheeze in the last year (OR 17.44; 95% CI 5.22-58.3), or with a household pet (cat or dog) where inhalants were wheeze precipitants (OR 13.65; 95% CI 3.16-58.94). Treatment became more likely in older children (OR 3.91; 95% CI 1.10-12.71), with inhalants as wheeze precipitants (OR 4.66; 95% CI 1.08-20.14) or with a household pet (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.04-5.03). Hospitalization was less likely with frequent wheeze (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.12-0.77), but more likely if shortness of breath occurred with wheeze. Medical follow-up and treatment are related to wheeze severity and exposure to inhaled precipitants, whereas hospital admission occurred in children with attacks causing shortness of breath, and with decreasing frequency of attacks per year.
Analysis of Variance↗
Ability of bronchodilators to prevent bovine experimental respiratory distress.
This cross-over trial involving 6 Blue Belgian double-muscled calves aimed to investigate whether ipratropium bromide inhaled alone or in combination with clenbuterol hydrochloride could prevent the dramatic clinical and pulmonary disturbances that are observed during an experimentally induced bronchoconstriction. Inhaled bronchodilators significantly influenced the clinical and functional responses of bovines subjected to a 5-hydroxytryptamine perfusion. However, despite a mean (standard error) wash-out period of 11.2 (3.1) and 7.5 (0.9) d after the 1st and the 2nd one-day challenges, respectively, first-order carry-over effects (ie those remaining from the previous treatment), effects of the period during which the treatment was allocated and interaction effects did not allow a definitive interpretation of overall treatment differences.
Animals↗
[Cervical pregnancy: conservative treatment with primary embolization of the uterine arteries. A case report. Review of the literature].
Ectopic pregnancies are rarely located in the cervix. In most (50-70%) of the cases, haemostatic hysterectomy is usually performed. We attempted an original approach for ectopic pregnancies located in the cervix which allowed preservation of the uterus. The uterine arteries are embolized before evacuation of the pregnancy and haemostasis of the loge with a balloon probe. In the literature, the incidence has been reported at 1 cases/20,000 births. Past history of curetage is a favouring factor. Echography facilitates diagnosis. When possible, conservative treatment may involve surgery (arterial ligature, endocervical haemostasis), drug therapy (methotrexate) and radiography (arterial embolization).
Adult↗
Purification of histamine receptor proteins from detergent-solubilized human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Histamine is released from mast cells and basophils by either immunological or nonimmunological mechanisms. Histamine, which is the most potent short acting mediator released from these cells, exerts its diverse biological actions by binding to cell surface histamine receptors. We report the affinity purification of histamine receptor proteins from Triton X-100 solubilized peripheral human blood mononuclear cells which include lymphocytes and monocytes. Three different designs of histamine affinity columns were constructed; all three resulted in the same material being eluted. This consisted of bands which on SDS-PAGE after boiling and reduction had the following molecular weights: 193K, 84K, 58K, 48K, 37K, and 16K. The most abundant bands were of molecular weights 193K, 48K, and 16K, and these were disulfide bonded together to form a high molecular weight complex. (The 58K band was present in lower amounts than the others, and in only a few fractions. It had the same molecular weight as the dimeric form of histamine methyltransferase which is present in small amounts in mononuclear cells and may therefore have copurified.) The histamine binding proteins described in this report were purified by conventional affinity chromatography, rather than by an expression cloning approach which obviates the use of any protein chemistry. Consequently, we had the advantage of being able to verify the histamine binding specificity of our purified proteins directly and with several independent assays as follows. The histamine binding specificity of all three columns was established by specific elution with histamine, by preabsorption of crude cell extract with excess free histamine prior to column application, and by comparison with control columns. Independent determination of the binding specificity, using a radioreceptor dot blot assay, of the eluate containing only the 193K, 48K, and 16K disulfide-linked subunits confirmed that the purified material bound specifically to [3H]histamine and that a 300-500-fold degree of purification from tissue extract had been obtained. Following cell surface radioreceptor cross-linking of radiolabeled histamine to intact mononuclear cells, the 16K band was detected, indicating it to be the ligand-binding subunit for histamine. These same three proteins were purified from T lymphocyte and monocytoid cell lines, indicating that both lymphocyte and monocyte subsets of mononuclear cells express these proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Blood Proteins↗
An analysis of the factors implicated in fire deaths in children.
The aim of this study was to determine: 1) the factors implicated in fire deaths in children, 2) the relevance of blood carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (CN) concentrations in child fire victims. 34 child fire victims (17 males: 17 females) were studied. Mean age was 4.5 years. In 12 cases medico-legal autopsies were performed, but no toxicological analyses were done (group A). In 14 cases autopsies were not performed, but blood CO and CN concentrations were measured in the victims (group B). In the remaining 8 cases both toxicological analyses and medicolegal autopsies were done (group C). In 29 cases out of 34, children had been left alone by their parents. In 20 cases out of 34, children had 80% burns of their body surface. In groups A and C autopsies enabled violence or other criminal cause of deaths to be excluded. All victims had smoke inhalation. The mean blood CN concentration in the 22 fire victims (groups B and C) was 70.67 +/- 14.11 micromol/l (0-207). The mean blood CO concentration was 1.89 +/- 0.51 mmol/l (0.11-5.89). There was no significant correlation between CN and the CO blood concentrations. There was no significant correlation between the burn surface area and the blood concentration of either CN or CO. In 11 cases, one or both gases concentrations were in the potential toxic range (CN: 40-<100 micromol/l; CO: 1-<5.8 micromol/l) but below the lethal range. Therefore these deaths were considered to be due to the combined effect of gas toxicity. It is concluded that: 1) In case of fire death, a medico-legal autopsy should be performed to confirm that victims suffered smoke inhalation and to exclude violence or other criminal cause of deaths; 2) Blood CN and CO measurements identify the exact contribution of each to the death; 3) Immediate blood sampling at the scene of death should be done because CN may disappear rapidly from body tissue after death.
Journal Article↗
Quality assurance in preschool surveillance.
A quality assurance programme was used to evaluate community and primary care based preschool surveillance using the National Child Health Computer System in 40 examination centres. Quarterly reports were generated from returns from clinical medical officers and general practitioners to list non-attenders, uptake, and timeliness for the four preschool checks. These provided rapid and comparative feedback on personal performance for participating health professionals and led to marked rises in recorded timeliness and uptake against preset targets. Pre-existing uptake was highest at the 6 week check with least overall improvement. Greatest improvements occurred at the 18 month health visitor check but, in general, results plateaued when the programme had been in use for 12 to 18 months. Particular problems such as data legibility and mobile populations were identified and solutions formulated. It is postulated that improvements in performance were due to enhanced professional motivation as no other factors changed. This system provides a valuable contribution in the light of changing patterns of service provision.
Child Development↗
Technical study of some major parameters influencing the performance of an aerosol delivery equipment suitable for calves.
Aerosol delivery equipment, suitable for the treatment of bovine respiratory dysfunctions and including 2 parallelly positioned jet nebulizers, was studied in depth in order to determine the optimal working conditions in the field. Indeed, some factors might reasonably alter the performance of this equipment. Among these factors, the influences of the parallel position of jet nebulizers (in order to accommodate the breathing requirements of the cattle and achieve a rapid treatment), of the long feed pipe delivering compressed air (in order to keep the animal away from the compressor unit), and finally of the ambient temperature were studied, this equipment being essentially used during the winter season. This equipment could accommodate the breathing needs of cattle weighing up to 225 kg if a pressure of 600 kPa was developed upstream to the nebulizers. The rate of atomization was significantly reduced when working at ambient air temperatures (272.25 K < T < 274.65 K) close to those encountered in winter. This was especially true when pressure upstream to the nebulizers did not exceed 500 kPa. The immersion of the feed pipe for compressed air in hot water led to an increase in the rate of atomization without raising evaporative water losses, and reduced the drop in temperature in the nebulizer solution. Finally, the rate of atomization significantly increased when the face mask including the nebulizers was maintained so that the nebulizers were in a vertical position or at an angle not less than 60 degrees with respect to the ground.
Administration, Inhalation↗
Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the expression of the K88 fimbrial antigen by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC).
A solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to detect and quantify the K88 fimbrial adhesin antigen. The assay was used to detect cell-bound antigen present in bacterial suspensions and cell-free K88 antigen present in extracts. Comparable amounts of K88 antigen were detected with whole bacteria and in the equivalent extracts. The assay was used to compare the expression of the K88 antigen by one laboratory strain (K12:K88ab) and three wild-type strains (O8:K87:K88ab:H19, O8:K87:K88ac:H19 and K88ad) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) during cultivation with eight medium types and two medium forms. Determination of the expression of K88 during unshaken batch culture revealed a correlation between growth phase and expression, with maximal concentrations being detected during late log to early stationary phase. Colony blotting experiments demonstrated that expression of the K88 antigen was under quantitative and not qualitative control.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
Genome organization of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus.
In order to study the organization of the genome of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), we constructed a cDNA library in a phage expression vector by using poly(A) RNA from PEDV-infected Vero cells. An anti-PEDV hyperimmune serum was used to probe the library. The first isolated clone mapped within the N gene and was subsequently used for rescreening the library. The selected clones allowed us to establish the sequence of the 3'-most 7.4 kb of the PEDV genome. Analysis of the cDNA sequences revealed a 3'-coterminal nested structure, which is typical of Coronaviridae and the presence of a hexameric sequence XUA(A/G)AC upstream of each coding region. The amino acid sequences deduced from four of the five ORFs identified showed the characteristic features of the structural proteins S, M, sM and N. Only one ORF located between the S and M genes was found to potentially encode a non-structural polypeptide. Our data lead us to conclude that PEDV is a member of Coronaviridae and belongs to the same genetic subset as TGEV, FIPV and HCV 229E.
Base Sequence↗
Efficiency of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor blockade as therapeutic measure during acute respiratory distress syndrome in double-muscled cattle.
During this investigation, which involved 58 Belgian White and Blue double-muscled calves affected by a naturally occurring Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, the clinical efficiency of a 5-HT2 receptor blockade with metrenperone (group A) was compared to the efficiency of a non-steroidal (flunixine meglumine--group B) and a steroidal (prednisolone sodium succinate--group C) antiinflammatory drug. Each animal of this trial was treated with ceftiofur sodium as antimicrobial agent. A clinical score and a breathing score were calculated at each step of the investigation period, i.e. before (T0) and 1 hour (T1), 12 hours (H), 24 H, 48H and 168 H (T3) after the first treatment, the interval 12H-48H being considered as period T2. Three clinical parameters were also taken into account separately: rectal and peripheral temperatures and heart rate. A significant improvement of the clinical score was registered at T2 in group A and at T3 in groups A and B, while this score did not significantly change in group C. In group A, the breathing score was significantly improved at T2 and T3, but not in groups B and C. Peripheral and rectal temperatures recorded at T1 were, in group A, significantly increased and decreased respectively, but not significantly changed in groups B and C. The proportions requiring change of treatment during the investigation period were significantly (P = 0.022) different in the three groups, being 5.6, 21.4 and 50.0% in groups A, B and C respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Induction of serotonin-S2 receptor blockade during early or late stage of acute respiratory distress syndrome in double-muscled calves: a comparative study.
Ninety-four Belgian White and Blue double-muscled calves were involved in this study which aimed to compare the efficacy of a serotonin-S2 receptor blockade at two different stages of an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), i.e. at the occurrence of first clinical signs or when another anti-inflammatory compound was clinically shown to be ineffective. Metrenperone, a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT2) blocker, was injected (intramuscularly, 5 times, at 12 hourly intervals, dose rate: 0.1 mg/kg) to (1) 58 calves referred to our laboratory after a treatment (group I) which lasted from 3 to 5 days and which did not improve the clinical status of the animals and (2) 36 calves investigated as soon as first clinical signs occurred (group II). Following the severity of the ARDS, the animals from group I needed to be classified into 2 groups: group IA (moderate ARDS - n = 45) and group IB (severe ARDS - n = 13). For animals in group I, the antibacterial compound previously used was maintained and administered during 4 more days whilst the previous anti-inflammatory drug was suppressed and replaced by metrenperone administered as mentioned above. In group II, each animal was treated with ceftiofur sodium as an antibacterial agent. A clinical score and a breathing score were calculated at each step of the investigation period, i.e. before (T0) and 1 hour (T1) after the first treatment, during the interval 12H-48H (T2) which followed this treatment and 168 H (T3) after this treatment. Four clinical parameters were also taken into account separately: rectal and cutaneous temperatures, respiratory and heart rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Compulsory community treatment? I. Ontario stakeholders' responses to "helping those who won't help themselves.".
This paper explores the highly controversial issue of compulsory treatment of allegedly mentally disordered persons within the community. In light of American literature on the subject, we examine and contrast the positions and arguments of a variety of Ontario stakeholders. This is done through content analysis of 224 submissions to the Ontario Ministry of Health in response to its "Discussion Paper Towards Community Mental Health Services Legislation of January 1990" which addresses the specific question: "Should the legislation include provisions for out-patient commitment/compulsory community treatment?" Our purpose in this paper is not to determine the desirability or undesirability of compulsory community treatment (CCT) as such, but to examine Ontario positions as a first and necessary step in the process of acquiring perspective on the issue.
Ambulatory Care↗
Compulsory community treatment? II. The collision of views and complexities involved: is it "the best possible alternative"?
This paper pursues our exploration of the highly controversial issue concerning the compulsory treatment of allegedly mentally disordered persons within the community. We contrast, in their most basic arguments, the discourses which proponents and opponents of CCT characteristically construct for the specific purposes of convincing policy makers of the rightfulness of their respective positions and of ultimately influencing the legislative choices to be made. We identify key practical questions which have to be addressed in order to further our thinking on the issue and suggest that what today's mental health system unequivocally requires is real commitment on the part of government to make a greater political, organizational, and financial commitment to effective partnership models and to a balanced mental health system.
Ambulatory Care↗
Assessment of ethical decisions and values.
The development and pilot testing of the Professional Decisions and Values Test (PDV) is described. The PDV is designed to assess how ethical conflicts are dealt with by medical and law students and which moral values motivate them. Data from two consecutive classes of entering medical and law students are presented and their action tendencies and ethical values are compared. The findings support the construct validity of the test. Regarding reliability, stability over time is present for action tendencies but not for values. Perhaps the ethical values of entering medical and law students do not become stable until later. Change in ethical values can be studied with the PDV for groups, not individuals, during the first year of professional education.
Attitude↗