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Biomedical subjects

P Lacoste

Publications and source records attributed to P Lacoste.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Increased expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and LFA-1) on alveolar macrophages from asthmatic patients.

In the airways inflammation observed in asthma, activated macrophages are present in increased numbers. Adhesion molecules are required for the cell:cell contacts between leukocytes and endothelial cells or other leukocytes, and they are induced by inflammatory stimuli. We studied the expression of two adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and LFA-1) on alveolar macrophages recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from 11 normal subjects and 13 asthmatic patients by using immunocytochemistry. Two specific monoclonal antibodies were used, and the reaction was revealed by the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method. The percentage of cells expressing ICAM-1 or LFA-1 was significantly increased in asthmatic patients, as compared with normal subjects (P < 0.001 and P < 0.002, respectively; Mann-Whitney U test), and there was a significant correlation with the percentage of cells expressing both markers in asthma (P < 0.03, Spearman rank test). This study highlights the importance of macrophages in the inflammation of asthma and suggests that macrophage interactions with other cells play a role in this inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Activation by histamine of bronchial epithelial cells from nonasthmatic subjects.

Histamine is a major mediator of the mast cells that are present between epithelial cells in asthma. In asthma, there is an increased expression of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR and an increased spontaneous release of fibronectin. The effect of histamine was tested on bronchial epithelial cells obtained by bronchial brushing from 22 nonasthmatic subjects. The activation of epithelial cells was assessed by immunocytochemical analysis of the expression of membrane markers (ICAM-1 and HLA-DR) using the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase method and the release of fibronectin (enzyme immunoassay). Time-response (three experiments) and dose-response (six experiments) curves showed that the maximal effect was obtained after an incubation time of 24 h and a dose of 1 microM of histamine. For this time course and concentration, there was a highly significant increase in the number of cells expressing ICAM-1 (before histamine: 10 +/- 11%; after histamine: 32 +/- 20%; P < 0.001) and HLA-DR (before histamine: 8 +/- 7%; after histamine: 23 +/- 20%; P < 0.001) and in the release of fibronectin (before histamine: 30 +/- 20 ng/10(5) viable cells; after histamine: 61 +/- 35 ng/10(5) viable cells; P < 0.003). Cycloheximide blocked these effects, suggesting that histamine requires protein synthesis for its action. Pyrilamine (H1-blocker) and ranitidine (H2-blocker) at a concentration of 10 microM decreased the effect of histamine. However, there was no additive effect when both antagonists were added. This study suggests that mast cells present in the airways have a role in the activation of epithelial cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Illusion of visual tilt: a case].

A 21-year-old man experienced sudden and intense rotational vertigo. A moment later, he was amazed to see the whole visual world rotate clockwise progressively by about 160 degrees. On the following day, the visual tilt was only 30 degrees, and it soon receded completely, while headache appeared. CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging, vertebral arteriography, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were normal, and the aetiology could not be ascertained. Illusions of visual tilt are an unusual consequence of disorders affecting the vestibular system. The locus of the impairment is usually in the brainstem, particularly in association with Wallenberg's syndrome. However, the peripheral vestibular pathways or the vestibular projections into the cerebral cortex may occasionally be involved. In the latter case, the visual tilt is part of a vestibular epileptic seizure.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Double-blind comparison of ketoprofen and placebo in the treatment of sprains and strains.

Sixty patients (42 men and 18 women between the ages of 18 and 37 years) with grade 2 or grade 3 sprains or elongations participated in a seven-day double-blind study. By random determination, they were treated with either 100 mg of ketoprofen or placebo TID. Pain evaluation, vital signs, concomitant medication, and side effects were determined on days 1,3, and 7. Compared with placebo, ketoprofen produced statistically significant reductions (P less than 0.05) in investigator-rated pain at rest (day 3), on palpation (days 1, 3, and 7), on motion (days 1 and 3), and on the subject-rated analog scale (days 1 and 3). It also achieved a greater relief of pain (days 1 and 3) and greater overall efficacy, as expressed by the statistically significant improvements in the total pain scores on motion and on palpation, on the total pain relief score, on the total pain analog score, and on the sum of pain intensity differences for pain at rest, on palpation, and on motion. Tolerance to the seven-day ketoprofen treatment was excellent. Results from the study indicate that ketoprofen is efficacious in relieving pain following sprains and strains.

Acetaminophen↗