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Biomedical subjects

P L Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to P L Sharma.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effect of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase regulators on isolated rat uterus: with observations on their mechanism of action.

The effect of PDE regulators on isolated rat uterus and their probable mechanism of action was investigated. The potassium chloride-induced contracture was enhanced by imidazole (3.67 X 10(-3)M) and potassium bicarbonate (1.5 X 10(-2)M). In contrast, imidazole (pH adjusted with potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate or HCl) produced a biphasic effect, i.e. initial transient relaxation followed by a sustained contracture. A similar biphasic effect of imidazole was observed in uterine preparations suspended in calcium free K2SO4-Ringer, but in preparations which were allowed to equilibrate to a new base line, it produced sustained contracture. The imidazole-induced increase in contracture appears to be mediated through increased influx of calcium. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) stimulation plays only a minor role, if any. The transient relaxant effect of imidazole may be due to inhibition of thromboxane synthetase and the resultant decrease of intracellular calcium release. The relaxant effect of PDE inhibitors (aminophylline, papaverine, diazoxide), catecholamines and db-cyclic AMP on the K2SO4-Ringer and calcium chloride induced contracture was antagonized by imidazole (pH adjusted with HCl). This inhibitory effect of PDE inhibitors may be mediated through the altered membrane permeability to calcium.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1985

A double-blind crossover clinical trial of labetalol and propranolol in patients of essential hypertension.

The efficacy and safety of labetalol was compared in a double-blind crossover design with propranolol in 27 patients suffering from essential hypertension with a supine diastolic blood pressure of more than 100 mm Hg. Twelve patients completed the trial. Both the drugs significantly reduced the blood pressure as compared to pretreatment values and the end-point, i.e. a supine diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or less, was achieved at the end of each treatment. However, the control of blood pressure appeared to be better sustained with labetalol. The side-effects, though minor in nature, were relatively more often observed with propranolol.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1985

Fixed ratio combination of propranolol and bendrofluazide in the treatment of hypertension.

The combination of beta adrenoceptor blocker, i.e. propranolol (80 mg) and a diuretic, i.e. bendrofluazide (2.5 mg) in a single capsule (Inderetic) produced an effective control of blood pressure in 12 out of 13 patients with mild and moderately severe hypertension in this single-blind study. Treatment for 12 weeks did not produce any changes in biochemical parameters and no change in ECG, except that a significant decrease in heart rate was observed. No serious side-effects were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Double-blind crossover clinical trial of oxyfedrine and propranolol in angina pectoris.

The comparative efficacy and safety of oxyfedrine and propranolol in the management of angina pectoris was evaluated in a double-blind randomized cross-over study. Out of 21 patients registered, 14 completed the study. Three patients dropped out due to poor response and 4 were lost to follow up. Both the drugs i.e. oxyfedrine (8-24 mg three times a day) and propranolol (40-80 mg three times a day) produced a significant reduction in the incidence of anginal attacks and the consumption of nitroglycerine tablets. Propranolol produced a better response than oxyfedrine although the difference was not significant. This may be due to the small sample size. No change in heart rate and rate-pressure product was observed with oxyfedrine, in contrast to that seen with propranolol. The beneficial effect of treatment on exercise tolerance and ST-segment depression was more marked with propranolol. No significant change in laboratory parameters was observed with either drug.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1985

Double blind cross-over clinical trial of acebutolol and propranolol in angina pectoris.

Twenty-four patients with classical angina of effort completed this double-blind cross-over clinical trial of acebutolol and propranolol. Both acebutolol (100-400 mg) and propranolol (40-160 mg) three times a day produced a significant reduction in the incidence of anginal attacks, consumption of nitroglycerine tablets and increased exercise tolerance. Both drugs produced mild and tolerable side effects which did not require any reduction of doses of the drugs being used. No change in laboratory parameters assessing the function of the liver, the kidneys and the hemopoietic system was found. The commonly accepted dose ratio of 1:2.5 propranolol and acebutolol, respectively, was found to be true in less than 50% of the patients. Therefore, for optimal effect, the dose of acebutolol should be individualized depending upon the response.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1985

Double-blind cross-over clinical trial of acebutolol and propranolol in mild to moderate essential hypertension.

Twenty patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension completed this double-blind cross-over randomized clinical trial of propranolol and acebutolol. Acebutolol was found to be as effective and safe as propranolol in lowering the systolic and diastolic blood pressure both in supine as well as in standing positions. However, the difference between the two drugs was not statistically significant. No significant change was produced in serum electrolytes, uric acid, fasting blood sugar with either drug. The accepted dose ratio of 1:2.5 propranolol and acebutolol, respectively, was found to be true only in 50% of the patients. Therefore, for optimal effect, the dose of acebutolol should be individualized depending upon the response.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1985

Tolbutamide kinetics in a normal Indian population.

A single oral dose of 500 mg of tolbutamide was administered to 13 healthy volunteers. Plasma tolbutamide half-life was compared between male and female volunteers. The half-life in female subjects was longer as compared to male subjects, but the difference was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A comparative randomized double-blind clinical trial of bumetanide and furosemide in congestive cardiac failure and other edema states.

The efficacy and safety of oral bumetanide, a pharmacologically new diuretic was compared with that of furosemide in 30 patients suffering from congestive cardiac failure and other edema states. In addition intravenous bumetanide was studied in 14 patients of congestive cardiac failure and nephrotic syndrome to determine the onset, peak and duration of action. In the controlled double-blind oral study bumetanide was equipotent with furosemide at one fortieth the molar dosage and did not differ from furosemide with regards to its pattern of water and electrolyte excretion. On continuous oral administration for seven days it produced sustained diuresis with minimal biochemical alterations. No hyperglycemia or hematological abnormalities were noted. Intravenous bumetanide had onset of action between 10 and 15 minutes with a peak at 50 minutes and a total duration of action of about 240 minutes. Bumetanide was well tolerated by patients and is on a weight basis the most potent diuretic available today.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

A randomized double-blind clinical trial of xipamid and hydrochlorothiazide in essential hypertension.

Seventeen patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension and controlled with antihypertensive drugs were treated with xipamid (40 mg) or hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg) in a double-blind cross-over randomized trial design. After a run-in-period of 2 weeks with placebo, all of them received either of the two drugs. Placebo treatment for 2 weeks decreased both supine as well as standing blood pressure, but it was not statistically significant. Xipamid produced a somewhat greater decrease in blood pressure than hydrochlorothiazide, but the difference was not statistically significant. Similar results were obtained in 12 newly diagnosed cases of mild to moderate essential hypertension treated with xipamid (80 mg) or hydrochlorothiazide (100 mg) daily as single drug treatment in a randomized, double-blind parallel design trial. The side effects produced by both drugs were only mild in nature. No significant changes were produced in serum electrolytes, uric acid and fasting blood glucose in this short term study with either of the drugs.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1984

Prescribing trends in internal medicine.

A study was carried out to assess prescribing trends in outpatients of the Nehru Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, which is attached to the Postgraduate Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, which is attached to the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh. Prescriptions for 50 patients were audited under heads of generic versus trade name prescribing, the dosage, dosage form, dosage interval and duration of treatment; the prescriptions by and large were model ones - certain lacunae are discussed.

Drug Prescriptions↗