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Biomedical subjects

P Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to P Kumar.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Steroid treatment for routine immunosuppression in cadaver renal transplantation. A survey of hospitals.

A review of data from 22 hospitals in the U.S. and Canada, comprised of information on 1700 kidney transplant patients, shows a consistent pattern with respect to usage of steroids both as routine treatment and for rejection episodes. High doses are associated with greater patient mortality. Graft survival is also adversely affected by very high doses, but only in the immediate post-transplant period. Our data suggest that for optimal graft and patient survival the dosage of steroids should be less than 150 mg/day of methylprednisolone on days 1-3, less than 50 mg/day of prednisone on days 4-21, less than 30 mg/day on days 22-30, and less than 20 mg/day between one mo and one yr.

Cadaver↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of administration of isatin on alkaline phosphatase of various organs of rat.

In vivo administration of isatin (200 mg/kg) significantly lowered the activity of rat kidney alkaline phosphatase after 5 hr but enhanced the activity of rat duodenal and jejunal enzyme after 2 and 5 hr (P less than 0.01). The increased activity of the duodenal and jejunal alkaline phosphatase might be due to the induction of the enzyme by isatin.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evidence for free-radical mediated injury during coronary artery bypass surgery.

Prolonged global ischemia followed by reperfusion during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery leads to a burst of oxygen free-radical generation and subsequent myocardial impairment. Blood samples were collected at different time periods from the right atrium of patients (n = 55) who underwent CABG surgery. Free-radical activity was measured by assays for thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), mainly malondialdehyde (MDA), at zero minute (before aortic cross-clamp), one minute and 10 minutes after declamping i.e. reperfusion. There was a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the level of MDA at one minute of reperfusion which continued to be elevated up to 10 minutes. This increase was significantly correlated with aortic cross-clamp time (r = 0.525, p < 0.05). The activity of CPK and CPK-MB was raised by two fold (p < 0.001) after release of the clamp. Plasma Troponin-T level was estimated in 10 patients during CABG surgery and a significant increase (p < 0.01) was observed at one minute as well as 10 minutes of reperfusion which correlated well (r = 0.81, p < 0.01) with the severity of ischemia. The concomitant rise in TBARS (marker of free-radical activity), CPK, CPK-MB and Troponin-T (indicators of myocardial damage) on reperfusion implies that there is free-radical mediated damage to the cardiac membrane during CABG surgery.

Biomarkers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones with and without gall bladder/'T' tube 'in situ'.

Eighty-seven patients underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) for common bile duct (CBD) stones. Out of these, 66 patients had post-cholecystectomy CBD stones and 21 had CBD stones with gall bladder 'in situ'. In post-cholecystectomy group, 15 patients had 'T' Tube 'in situ'. The presenting symptoms in the post-cholecystectomy group were: pain abdomen, jaundice and cholangitis in 51, 20 and 11 patients respectively. The fifteen patients with 'T' tube used to experience pain after clamping of 'T' tube. Those with gall bladder 'in situ' had cholangitis in 12 and jaundice only in 9 patients. CBD clearance was achieved in 80 patients (91.95%). The sphincterotomy cut had to be extended in 19 patients. There was no mortality following sphincterotomy. Nine patients (10.3%) had minor complications such as bleeding (4), cholangitis (3), pancreatitis and impaction of Dormia basket in one patient each. Thus ES is a safe and effective treatment for CBD stones with or without gall bladder/'T' tube 'in situ'.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Route-specific cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular changes following organophosphorous poisoning in rats.

Organophosphorous compounds cause a variety of physiological effects. The effect of various routes of administration of these compounds on the pathophysiology is still an open question. The present study addresses the effect of two organophosphorous compounds, namely diisopropyl fluorophosphate and methylisopropyl phosphonofluoridate, given by two different routes (i.v. and s.c.), on physiological parameters in anaesthetized and artificially ventilated rats. Both organophosphorous compounds produced a dose-dependent rise in blood pressure, bradycardia and twitch potentiation after i.v. administration. These effects are mediated by muscarinic as well as alpha-adrenoreceptors and are not affected by adrenalectomy. However, after s.c. administration, both organophosphorous compounds produced a dose-dependent transient hypotension and bradycardia, mediated by muscarinic receptors, without affecting other physiological parameters. The results indicate the route-specific effects of these compounds on the cholinergic-catecholaminergic interactions in rats.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Single plane cineangiographic study of normal left ventricular volumes in human subjects.

Single plane cine angiographic estimation of left ventricular volumes in 10 Indian subjects with no evidence of left ventricular disease was carried out. The figures obtained were end diastolic volume 72.43+/-10.27 ml/M2, endsystolic volume 26.82+/-7.46 ml/M2, stroke volume 45.61+/-12.23ml/M2, ejection faction 62.30+/-10.90%. These values compare well with those already reported in literature from Western countries. No study in Indian subjects was available for comparison so far.

Adult↗