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Biomedical subjects

P Kopp

Publications and source records attributed to P Kopp.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Hyperprolactinemia].

Hyperprolactinemia is frequent in clinical endocrinology. Its commonest causes are, besides pregnancy and lactation, drugs, mainly involving the generally used psychopharmaca and the equally ubiquitously prescribed estrogens. The single most important cause is a pituitary tumor, the prolactinoma, but lesions of the hypothalamus or pituitary stalk, primary hypothyroidism, liver cirrhosis and chronic renal failure, among others, may also provoke hyperprolactinemia. The clinical features of hyperprolactinemia in women are mainly amenorrhea, or irregular menses, galactorrhea, hirsutism, infertility and loss of libido. In men loss of libido and/or impotence are the most important symptoms, accompanied by infertility. Macroadenoma, more frequently seen in men than in women, may cause tumor symptoms such as headache and ophthalmologic disorders (visual field loss). The main biochemical finding is hyperprolactinemia, which should be repeatedly checked. In general, high concentrations are mainly found in large adenomas, while microadenomas usually involve only mild hyperprolactinemia, though there are numerous exceptions. While dynamic tests of prolactin secretion have provided useful information about the pathophysiology of prolactin secretion, their use in routine clinical work is controversial and of limited value. As a routine neuroradiological examination, high resolution CT of the pituitary area is to be recommended. In all hyperprolactinemic patients with suspicion of macroadenoma, ophthalmologic evaluation of fundus and visual fields should be performed. Dopaminergic drugs such as bromocriptine rapidly reduce serum prolactin levels in hyperprolactinemic women and men with micro- or macroadenoma. With these drugs considerable tumor shrinkage is possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Effect of ethanol on adenosine triphosphatase and enolase activities in rat brain and in cultured nerve cells.

The effect of alcohol on enzymes involved in energy metabolism of nervous tissue were analyzed, in vivo after acute and chronic ethanol administration to rats and in vitro by addition of 50 mM and 100 mM ethanol to the medium of cultured nerve cells: chick neurons, chick glial cells, a neuronal cell line (MT17) and a glial tumoral cell line (C6). The parameters we measured were (Na+, K+), Mg2+ and ecto Ca2+, Mg2+ ATPase activities involved in transport phenomena and enolase activities (non neuronal NNE and neuron specific enolase NSE) as markers of nerve cell maturation. In vivo, after chronic ethanol administration (Na+, K+) ATPase activity was increased while Mg2+ dependent activity was not affected. Enolase activity was decreased. Acute ethanol administration decreased (Na+, K+) ATPase activity, while Mg2+ dependent activity was not affected. In cultured nerve cells ethanol effect was dose, time and cell type dependent; alterations of the cell membrane by trypsinization of the tissue before seeding modifies the effect of ethanol on the enzymes we analyzed. Our results suggest that alcohol effect on nerve cells depends mainly on the lipoprotein structure of the cell membranes which may have different properties from one cell type to another.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1983

Nutritional status of the elderly in Zürich.

The nutritional status of 91 non-institutionalized elderly persons from the Zurich area, aged between 63 and 83 years, was investigated. Three different methods were used to establish the food intake and the nutritional status of these volunteers, respectively: (1) chemical determination of the nutrient content of the daily consumed food; (2) calculation of its nutrient content based on the interviews with the volunteers, and (3) assessment of the vitamin (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C) and iron status by various biochemical and chemical assays. Additionally, weight, height, and blood pressure of each person were recorded and hemoglobin concentration, red and white blood cell counts, hematocrit, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and blood sugar determined. The results of the three methods were compared. The values of the interview method based on a questionnaire, and the assessment of the vitamin and iron status agreed well with each other. They showed that the nutrient intake covered the RDA, and vitamin and iron intake of the elderly were satisfactory with a few exceptions. The nutrient content of the daily meals determined by chemical methods was lower than the calculated results based on the interviews. The possible reasons for this discrepancy as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the employed methods are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[Diabetes mellitus and femoral fractures in close proximity to the hip joint in multimorbid patients of old age (author's transl)].

From a great number of patients with femoral fractures in close proximity to the hip joint with an average age of 78.3 years, all diabetics were compared to persons with a normal metabolism in terms of concomitant diseases, causes of death, complications, and fracture healing. Although no differences with regard to fracture healing and subsequent functional results in later years could be established in patient put on the correct diet and insulin dose, as compared to the control group, the clinical complication rate and the mortality rate were significantly higher among patients of old age with Diabetes mellitus. To bring about a possible change, operating techniques providing the possibility of an early mobilisation and optimal physiotherapeutical after--care are recommended.

Aged↗