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Biomedical subjects

P Knight

Publications and source records attributed to P Knight.

67 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1972

Latency of human measles virus in hamster cells.

A latent system employing measles virus (Schwarz strain) was developed in hamster embryo fibroblasts (HEF). Measles virus-specific antigen was detected by immunofluorescence in 30 to 50% of HEF cells, and these cells released infectious virus when co-cultivated with a susceptible monkey cell line, BSC-1 cells. No infectious virus could be detected in the cells when measures were taken to exclude passage of viable latent cells onto the indicator BSC-1 cells. Infectious center assays demonstrated that about 1 in 10 of the latently infected cells in the population could release infectious virus. Infectious virus appeared within 6 hr after co-cultivation of the HEF cells with BSC-1 cells, as compared to 24 hr required for normal replication of measles virus in the BSC-1 cells. Furthermore, labeling of progeny virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) by using tritiated uridine, and inhibition of RNA or protein synthesis by 5-azacytidine or cycloheximide suggested that neither additional RNA nor protein synthesis is required after co-cultivation of the cells to effect early virus release. It can therefore be postulated that there is a block at a late step in virus replication in the latently infected hamster cells. The most obvious site would concern maturation of infectious virions at the cell membrane.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alterations in grip strength during male sexual arousal.

Although it is known that alterations in grip strength occur under a number of conditions, little is known about relationships between grip strength and sexual arousal. This relationship was investigated in 30 healthy heterosexual males, who viewed both erotic and nonerotic videos. A questionnaire was used to assess the extent of sexual arousal. The grip strengths of both hands were measured with a five-position (P1-P5) dynamometer, before and after watching the videos. After watching the erotic video, there was a statistically significant reduction in grip strength for the P2 position, with nonsignificant overall reductions in grip strength for all other positions tested. No such effect was observed in control tests. The results indicate that during sexual arousal, the neural system is likely to reduce the output to muscles not directly related to sexual function, presumably to enhance the physiological responses of sexual arousal.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CaxP and Ca/P in the parenteral feeding of preterm infants.

Preterm infants requiring prolonged intravenous feeding frequently develop pathologic fractures and rickets. Infants who receive large amounts of calcium have fewer fractures. This observation led us to determine the maximal amounts of calcium and phosphate that can be added to parenteral nutrition solutions without the precipitation of calcium phosphate and to determine the optimal ratio of calcium to phosphate in these solutions. Clinical observations and in vitro experiments indicate that the product of calcium x phosphate (CaxP) in the dextrose-amino acid solution should not exceed 75 square millimolar (square millimole per square liter) to prevent calcium phosphate precipitation in barium-impregnated silicone rubber catheters and should not exceed 100 square millimolar in solutions administered through peripheral veins. Seven intake and output studies were performed in preterm infants to determine the ratio of calcium to phosphate (Ca/P) in the total parenteral nutrition solutions that minimized urinary losses. A Ca/P ratio of 5.0 minimized the sum of the calcium plus phosphate losses in the urine. However, experience with long-term total parenteral nutrition in preterm infants, awareness of the acute and life-threatening effects of body phosphate depletion, and an unmeasured endogenous enteric calcium secretion all suggest that a Ca/P ratio of approximately 3.0 provides a safer compromise between the acute and serious complications of phosphate deficiency and the chronic problems of fractures and rickets due to calcium deficiency.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HIV seroprevalence among healthy blood donors in northeastern Zaire.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-antibody screening of blood donors in northeastern Zaire was reviewed to determine overall seroprevalence in the population and to identify particular subgroups of the population who are at relatively high risk. Six hundred and seventy-five healthy blood donors were tested from March 1989 to May 1990 using either the HIV-CHEK or Karpas cell tests. A total of 25 donors (3.7%) were seropositive, and seropositivity was more common in female donors (5.4%) than in male donors (2.5%, P less than 0.05). Donors who came from major population centres had a higher rate of seropositivity than did individuals coming from rural villages (10.5% vs 2.0%, P less than 0.001). There was a tendency toward increasing seroprevalence during the 13 months of the study with 2.8% of donors positive in 1989 and 5.8% positive in 1990 (P less than 0.1). It is concluded that in healthy blood donors in northeastern Zaire: (1) HIV seropositivity is more frequent in women and in individuals coming from major population centres, and, (2) HIV seropositivity seems to be increasing rapidly.

Blood Donors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High-performance marketing: an interview with Nike's Phil Knight. Interview by Geraldine E. Willigan.

Nike's advertising slogans--"Bo Knows," "Just Do It," and "There Is No Finish Line"--have moved beyond advertising into popular expression. Its athletic footwear and clothing have become a piece of Americana. Its brand name is as well known around the world as IBM and Coke. Behind the slogans and the flashy TV commercials is the vision of its founder, chairman, and CEO, Phil Knight. Since forming the company in 1962, Knight has taken Nike from a small-time distributor of Japanese track shoes to the top of the athletic shoe and apparel market. But not without a stumble. Along the way, Knight discovered that technological innovation alone could not continue to drive growth. When sales stagnated in the mid-1980s, Knight and Nike learned several hard lessons on how to build brands and understand consumers, and they transformed their technology company into a marketing company whose product is its most important marketing tool. "Ultimately," says Knight, "we wanted Nike to be the world's best sports and fitness company. Once you say that, you have a focus. You don't end up making wing tips or sponsoring the next Rolling Stones world tour." To keep the company growing, Nike began splitting its brands into sub-brands. In tennis, Nike divided its shoes into Challenge Court--for younger, more active players--and Supreme Court--for older, more mature players. That approach brought the company to a broader range of consumers while preserving the customer base. And to create an emotional tie with the consumer, Nike started advertising on TV. "Sports is at the heart of American culture," Knight says. "You can't explain much in 60 seconds, but when you show Michael Jordan, you don't have to. It's that simple."

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of emamectin benzoate in medicated fish feed.

A method was developed to quantitate emamectin benzoate in fish feed at levels between 5 and 15 ppm. The active ingredient is extracted from 20 g medicated feed into aqueous-methanolic solvent by overnight shaking. A solid-phase extraction procedure using a 2 g C18 cartridge is then used to concentrate the active residue and remove interfering matrix components. The extracted drug and internal standard are eluted from the cartridge, evaporated to dryness, and reconstituted in methanol. A control feed sample and fortified control working standard are simultaneously prepared. Remaining interferences and sample analysis are further separated on a gradient liquid chromatographic system. Recovery of emamectin benzoate from fortified feeds ranged from 97 to 100%, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.2%. Determination of emamectin benzoate in medicated feeds resulted in CVs ranging from 2.3 to 4.2% and recoveries of 88 to 98% of label claim.

Animal Feed↗