Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Kendall

Publications and source records attributed to P Kendall.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Identification and classification of consumer food-handling behaviors for food safety education.

OBJECTIVE: To identify key behaviors associated with major food safety pathogen control factors. DESIGN: World Wide Web-based descriptive study with 4 tasks: compile a list of food-handling behaviors from the literature; use Delphi process to build consensus, rank order, and edit lists of behaviors; assess content and construct validity; and review results of Delphi process at a summit meeting of selected experts to make final recommendations for a food safety behavior list. SUBJECTS/SETTING: A convenience sample of 10 epidemiologists, 11 food microbiologists, 10 food safety educators, and 10 food safety policy makers was recruited from lists of nationally known experts. Twenty-four experts completed 4 rounds of surveys presented to them via a Web site. Six experts attended a face-to-face meeting to finalize behavior lists. Statistical analyses performed Descriptive statistics and sum of observation data were used to determine rank order and validity. RESULTS: Twenty-nine key food-handling behaviors for maintaining the safety of food and reducing the number of cases and outbreaks of foodborne illness were identified. These were rank-ordered within 5 pathogen control factors: practice personal hygiene, cook foods adequately, avoid cross-contamination, keep foods at safe temperatures, and avoid foods from unsafe sources. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: This list of rank-ordered behaviors grouped by pathogen control factor should help dietitians and educators confidently teach food safety guidance that will be most effective in preventing illness.

Consumer Product Safety↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of food safety education for consumers.

Traditionally, nutrition educators have used a fairly global approach to teach food safety by teaching a broad range of safe food handling behaviors in the expectation that this will lead to the avoidance of foodborne illness. This approach can be confusing and lead to evaluation data that are difficult to interpret. This article suggests that food safety education and evaluation in the future be organized around five behavioral constructs: practice personal hygiene, cook foods adequately, avoid cross-contamination, keep foods at safe temperatures, and avoid food from unsafe sources. These five constructs are derived from data on actual outbreaks and estimated incidences of foodborne illness. Research is needed to establish reliable and valid evaluation measures for these five behavioral constructs. Evaluation instruments can be tailored to fit specific education programs. If evaluation instruments focus on these five behavior areas, the result will be meaningful evaluation data that can be more easily summarized across food safety education programs for consumers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Yellow nail syndrome presenting as non-immune hydrops: second case report.

The yellow nail syndrome is characterized by slowly growing yellow discolored nails and lymphoedema, with onset generally after puberty. We report on a newborn infant who, at 23 weeks, was found to have hydrops on antenatal ultrasonography and bilateral chylothorax at delivery. His mother has the yellow nail syndrome, with typical nail changes, and bronchiectasis. There seemed to be no other etiology for the non-immune hydrops, and this is the second documented case of the prenatal manifestation of this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Reduced pulmonary function and its associations in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study.

To determine whether diabetes is associated with reduced lung function, we studied 421 Anglo-Celt/European subjects, representing 20.5% of all patients with type 2 diabetes identified in an urban Australian catchment area of 120097 people. In addition to collection of detailed demographic and diabetes-specific data, spirometry was performed and forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), vital capacity (VC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) measured. When expressed as a percentage of those predicted (%pred) for age, sex and height, the means of all spirometric measures were reduced by > or =9.5%. After controlling for smoking, age and gender in a linear regression model, HbA(1c) was not associated with any measure of lung function (P>0.13) but diabetes duration was significantly associated with FEV1(%pred) and PEF(%pred) (P< or =0.04) and had borderline associations with FVC(%pred) and VC(%pred) (P< or =0.064). In separate analyses controlling for smoking alone, age, body mass index (BMI), coronary heart disease (CHD) and retinopathy were independently and inversely associated with FVC(%pred), FEV1(%pred) and VC(%pred) (P<0.05). In sub-group analyses, these three spirometric measures were associated with BMI, CHD and diabetes duration in males, and age and BMI in females. Pulmonary function is reduced in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes duration seems a more important influence than glycaemic control, but obesity and vascular disease may also contribute.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Knowledge, skills, and behavior improvements on peer educators and low-income Hispanic participants after a stage of change-based bilingual nutrition education program.

A nutrition education program, entitled La Cocina Saludable, was designed according to the Stage of Change Model and implemented in ten southern Colorado counties. The objectives were to improve the nutrition related knowledge, skills, and behaviors that lead to healthy lifestyles in a low-income Hispanic population. The content of the program included nutrition information designed to help mothers of preschool children provide for their children's nutritional needs. Previous studies suggest that low-income Hispanics often demonstrate low intakes of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron, and protein, and high rates of diabetes, obesity, and infections. Additionally, this population presents many obstacles for nutrition educators including limited resources, child care, transportation, time, language, culture, literacy, health beliefs, and, in some cases, the transient nature of the population. The program attempted to overcome these barriers by incorporating a flexible program format carried out by abuela (Hispanic grandmother) educators using the processes described in the Stage of Change Model. The program was evaluated using a knowledge, skills and behavior pre-test, post-test, and six-month follow-up survey on both the abuela educators as well as the actual class participants. Results of the peer education training sessions suggest that this type of training program can be effective in increasing the knowledge, skills, and behavior of peer educators as well as reduce need for retraining for educators who continuously teach classes. Additionally, the results suggest that this type of program can be effective in changing selected nutrition related knowledge, skills, and behaviors leading to healthy lifestyles for low-income Hispanic mothers of preschool children.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Multiple perspectives on nutrition education needs of low-income Hispanics.

As part of a multi-level nutrition intervention for low-income Hispanics (LIH) and the professionals and paraprofessionals who serve them, focus groups were used to 1) identify nutrition education needs and preferred means of receiving nutrition information, 2) identify the LIH's barriers/motivators to dietary behavior change, and 3) assess the feasibility of using abuelas (Hispanic grandmothers) as educators. Nine focus groups were conducted using trained, local bilingual and bicultural moderators. Low-income Hispanics' primary concerns were their children's nutritional habits and ways to prepare quick, nutritious meals and snacks. Their major barriers to dietary change were financial limitations, lack of time, and family customs/habits. Professionals were concerned with the lack of interagency cooperation. Paraprofessionals were most interested in training on how to teach. All audiences preferred to receive nutrition education through classes with hands-on, interactive formats. Professionals and paraprofessionals noted advantages and disadvantages to using abuelas as educators. Including three populations in the needs assessment allowed comparisons of perspectives across groups and allowed the design of nutrition education programs appropriately targeted to these populations.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Charting WHO--goals for licit and illicit drugs for the year 2000: are we 'on track'?

Both on a global and a regional basis, the World Health Organization (WHO) has set prominent goals for the turn of the millennium on the reduction of harms associated with licit and illicit drugs. Gauging what the world and its different regions are doing with respect to these specific public health goals is hindered by a conceptual problem: there is no clear concept and consistent way of defining or measuring 'harm' related to drugs, licit or illicit. In many instances, 'harm' is equated with substance use prevalence. Often, especially outside the developed world, basic harm data is not even available. Globally, a conceptually clear and consistently applied scheme of harm measurement related to licit and illicit drugs is needed, acknowledging the fact that drug-related harms occur at different individual and social levels as well as over different periods of time. Harms must also be recognized as an outcome of interactions between the substance user, the drug itself, and the physical and social environment. Looking at available macro-indicators of harm, it must be concluded with, we do not seem to be 'on track' globally in reducing harms related to drugs in accordance with the WHO goals. For alcohol and tobacco, trends for increased harm are just starting to show in the developing world, and will worsen over the next couple of decades. For illicit drugs, failing drug control policies have result in dramatically negative developments for public health, especially with respect to HIV infections and drug-related deaths, in the developed as well as developing world.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1985

Factors associated with unemployment of patients with multiple sclerosis.

As part of a larger study of psychosocial aspects of chronic disease, the employment status of 79 male and 233 female multiple sclerosis patients was evaluated by interview to identify: (1) the relationship between degree of disability and employment status and (2) other determinants of employment status. Seventy-seven per cent of the patients were unemployed. Disability level, age, sex, and level of education accounted for 14% of the differences in employment status, with less disabled, older, more educated males being the most likely to be employed. Employment status was unrelated to marital status or type of occupation. Case histories are presented to illustrate psychosocial and environmental factors which might further account for the differences in employment status.

Adolescent↗