Inactivation of influenza and vesicular stomatitis virion RNA polymerase activities by photoreaction with 4'-substituted psoralens.
Irradiation of purified influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) with long-wavelength UV light in the presence of 4'-substituted psoralens inactivated the virion-associated RNA polymerase activity. Inactivation was apparently due to psoralen modification of the viral genome RNAs, since cations that decrease psoralen binding to nucleic acids had a protective effect, and reconstitution of VSV RNA polymerase activity was inhibited by photoreaction of nucleoprotein cores but not by pretreatment of soluble fraction from dissociated virions. Partially inactivated viral particles synthesized reduced amounts of full-length RNA products in vitro without an increase in prematurely terminated transcripts. VSV leader RNA formation was relatively resistant to psoralen photoinactivation, and sequential transcription was maintained by photoreacted VSV. The all-or-none psoralen effect on virion-associated RNA polymerase activities may be due to a differential photosensitivity of promoter sites or to structural changes in modified viral genome RNAs that prevent formation of new mRNA chains.