Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P K Basu.
This paper describes a randomized trial of 66 patients undergoing elective biliary surgery, half of whom received 1 g of intravenous injection of cefotaxime at the time of induction of anaesthesia and half who had no treatment. A 12.5% wound infection rate in the untreated patients was observed compared to a complete absence of infection in the treated patients.
The distribution of sodium pentobarbital in the eye after lethal and anesthetic doses and the possibility of the drug's transfer via corneal grafting were studied in rabbits. The drug was found in all the ocular tissues and humours following the intravenous injection of a single lethal (60 mg/kg) or anesthetic (30 mg/kg) dose, and it was still present 24 hours after the anesthetic injection. In both instances the largest quantity was found in the cornea. After grafting of corneal tissue containing pentobarbital the drug dispersed into the recipients' corneas and other ocular tissues. In-vitro studies showed that 250 micrograms of the drug per millilitre of incubation medium reduced the rate of growth of the corneal fibroblasts to 50%, and 300 micrograms/mL reduced their protein synthesis to 66%. Calculations showed that these concentrations could be reached in the cornea or the aqueous humour in vivo following either the lethal or the anesthetic injection of the drug.
Several drugs known to modulate the phagocytic activity of "professional" phagocytes were examined for effects on the bovine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The test system employed was an organ culture model (the RPE cup) developed previously. Iodoacetate depressed the ability of the RPE to phagocytose latex particles labelled with iodine 125, as measured by the gamma-emissions from the RPE cup. Indomethacin, sodium salicylate, azathioprine and alcohol also showed depressant effects. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate had no effect, as has previously been reported. Bestatin, an immunostimulator, did not have a statistically significant effect. The results establish the phagocytic role of the RPE and suggest that this activity may be chemically modulated. This inference may have potential application in the study of retinal dystrophy.
The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the effects on the conjunctiva and cornea of eyes exposed to water from acidic lakes in comparison with water from lakes having a nearly neutral pH. One eye each of 190 rabbits was exposed to an experimental sample of water having a pH of 5.18, 5.04, 4.70 or 4.50. The other eye of each rabbit was simultaneously exposed to a control sample of water having a pH of 6.40 or 6.21. The water was continuously instilled for 15 minutes every day for 7 days. Observations were made daily. The two eyes of each rabbit were compared for conjunctival congestion, corneal staining with fluorescent dye, the granulocyte count and osmolarity of the tears, bacteriologic findings in conjunctival swabs, corneal cell damage, corneal thickness and ultrastructural features of the corneal epithelium. Although some of the rabbits showed a difference of reaction in the two eyes, the majority showed similar reactions to water from the acidic and nearly neutral lakes.
We compared the bovine melanotic and amelanotic retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells cultivated in vitro using a number of parameters. Both cell types could be readily harvested from the eye by dissection or by enzyme treatment of the RPE. Both types of cells grew equally well in the primary culture, and in serial subcultures for over 600 days, and also after being stored frozen for over two months. The two types of cells were similar in their growth patterns, morphology, chromosome characteristics and phagocytic activity but they differed in their tyrosinase activity. Although in long-term cultures cells showed chromosome loss, a high proportion of the cells retained their normal diploid chromosome number (2n = 60) with apparently normal karyotype.
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Diabetic retinopathy was studied in the spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rat with respect to qualitative and quantitative structural changes. Trypsin-digested retinal preparations revealed after 8 to 11 months of diabetes a decrease in the pericyte/endothelial cell ratio. Quantitative ultrastructural examinations showed no increase in the vascularity or in basement-membrane thickness in diabetic animals. However, retinal capillaries showed not infrequently occlusions by fibrin and platelet thrombi.
To determine whether corneas from animals receiving morphine could be used for grafting, rabbits were given a single intravenous injection of tritium-labelled morphine and killed 10 minutes later. Of the drug entering the eye, 12% was found in the cornea, 36% in the retina and optic nerve, 29% in the uveal tissues, 8% in the aqueous humour, 8% in the choroid, 4% in the vitreous humour and 2% in the lens. Another group of rabbits then received full-thickness corneal grafts from rabbits treated with morphine. The grafts contained the drug for up to 21 days after transplantation. From the graft bed the agent dispersed into the different solid ocular tissues and intraocular fluids. None of the grafts failed, and none of the recipients' eyes showed any adverse reaction. In-vitro tests showed that the amount of morphine found in the cornea and the aqueous humour of the donor did not have any significant effect on cell division or protein synthesis of the corneal cells. Higher concentrations of the drug, however, decreased both cell division and protein synthesis.
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The eyes of 62 patients who had received allogenic renal transplants were examined for eye disease. Thirty-six patients were found to have steroid induced cataract. Six patients had ocular hypertension. Twelve patients showed arteriosclerotic changes in their fundi relating to their previous hypertensin. There was no significant difference in HLA type in patients who developed cataract and those who did not. 83.3% of the 6 patients with ocular hypertension had HLA B12 in common. None of the patients had cytomegalic retinitis.
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Bioassays performed by the disc diffusion technique on samples of blood, tears, aqueous humour and cornea from 30 rabbits killed 4 to 24 hours following a single intravenous injection of benzylpenicillin (40 mg/kg) showed that the penicillin content of these fluids and tissues progressively decreased with time. However, even after 24 hours the agent could be detected in the samples. The peripheral and central cornea contained similar amounts of penicillin up to 16 hours; thereafter, the peripheral cornea contained more of the agent.
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