Biomedical subjects
P Julien
Publications and source records attributed to P Julien.
[Current commentary. Secondary syndrome of radio-chimeras, stumbling-block and therapeutic method].
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Responses of plasma lipoproteins and sex hormones to the consumption of lean fish incorporated in a prudent-type diet in normolipidemic men.
OBJECTIVE: The effects of lean fish on plasma lipoproteins, postheparin plasma lipolytic activities and sex hormones were examined in 11 normolipidemic male subjects. METHODS: This study was a randomized crossover trial of two isoenergetic prudent-type diets, lean fish diet and beef, pork, veal, eggs and milk (nonfish) diet. Experimental diets provided approximately 11800 kJ--18% as proteins, 50% as carbohydrates, 32% as lipids [ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P:S) of 1:1 compared with 0.5:1 in preexperimental diet], and 260 mg cholesterol/day. RESULTS: Compared with the nonfish diet, the lean fish diet induced higher plasma total and LDL apolipoprotein (apo) B and apo B:apo A-1 ratio, indicating that the substitution of lean fish for beef, veal, pork, eggs and milk provides little benefits with regard to plasma apo B concentrations in a low-fat high P:S diet. Moreover, triglycerides:apo B and cholesterol:apo B ratios of VLDL were lower following the lean fish diet than the nonfish diet, suggesting the presence of smaller very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles following the consumption of lean fish. Higher plasma concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), HDL2 cholesterol and HDL2:HDL3 cholesterol ratio were found with the lean fish diet compared with the nonfish diet. Negative correlations between plasma postheparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and VLDL triglycerides (n = 11, r = -0.53, p = 0.02), and between plasma postheparin LPL activity and VLDL triglycerides:apo B ratio (n = 11, r = -0.64, p = 0.02) were also observed following the lean fish diet. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the effects of substituting lean fish for beef, veal, pork, eggs and milk on plasma lipoproteins may be partly associated with variations in plasma sex hormone status and plasma LPL activity in normolipidemic men.
Cardiac and peripheral lymph lipoproteins in dogs fed cholesterol and saturated fat.
In normal dogs fed diets containing 1% cholesterol and 30% saturated fat, cholesterol concentration increased in plasma, cardiac lymph, and peripheral lymph. The increase in cardiac lymph cholesterol always exceeded that of peripheral lymph. At plateau, LDL cholesterol increased in plasma and peripheral lymph but not in cardiac lymph; HDL2 cholesterol increased in all compartments and HDLc appeared in plasma (86.6 +/- 22.2 mg cholesterol/dl) with cholesterol feeding. In cardiac and peripheral lymph, a lipoprotein fraction with ultracentrifugal and pevikon electrophoretic characteristics of plasma HDLc (designated HDL 1.063) was isolated and contained 9.4 +/- 1.3 and 11.9 +/- 6.8 mg cholesterol/dl respectively. The lymph/plasma (L/P) ratios of lipoproteins were generally higher in cardiac lymph compared to peripheral lymph. In cholesterol-fed dogs, the L/P ratios of LDL were reduced compared to control dogs while HDL2 was unaffected, indicating selective interstitial distribution of lipoproteins. On agarose electrophoresis, lymph lipoproteins migrated faster than plasma lipoproteins, suggesting subtle changes in the structure and/or composition, findings consistent with the suggestion that lipoproteins undergo modification in the interstitial space. Thus, each interstitial space, as reflected by lymph, has a characteristic mixture of lipoproteins that can be altered by a high cholesterol diet in a manner that is unique to each particular tissue compartment.
Free fatty acid content of myocardial interstitial spaces of dog.
Morphological and biochemical observations from our laboratory have shown the presence of lipids in the cardiac interstitial spaces of the dog. The present study was designed to assess the importance of free fatty acids (FFA) in these lipids using FFA or sucrose tracers in 14 anesthetized fasting open-chest mongrel dogs. Endogenous FFA and labeled tracers were measured in arterial and coronary sinus plasma; they were also determined in lymph collected from cardiac efferent lymphatic trunks. [14C] sucrose was infused at a constant rate in the femoral vein of 5 dogs. The concentration of the tracer in the lymph was 90% of the arterial concentration after 60 min of infusion. On the other hand, when [1-14C] palmitate was infused at the same rate in 7 dogs, the ratio of lymph to arterial tracer concentration was only 20% (60 min) and 25% (120 min), even though the myocardial extraction and oxidation of the tracer were stable. This ratio tended to reach a plateau (greater than or equal to 90%) only 24 hr after a bolus injection of the tracer. This tracer study shows the presence of a pool of myocardial fatty acids with a relatively slow turnover rate that may constitute an important reservoir of FFA.
Gemfibrozil therapy in primary type II hyperlipoproteinemia: effects on lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins.
Gemfibrozil lowers triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol. It also promotes a significant increase of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. It has been established that normalization of apolipoproteins is an important protective factor against atherosclerosis. The present report examines the effectiveness of 12 months of gemfibrozil treatment on plasma lipids and apolipoproteins in types IIa (VLDL 18 +/- 2 mg cholesterol/dL) and IIb (VLDL 58 +/- 7 mg cholesterol/dL) hypercholesterolemic patients. Gemfibrozil lowered plasma triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB), increased HDL cholesterol and apoAI levels in both groups, and induced a very substantial reduction in LDL cholesterol in type IIa patients only. Even though HDL particles were enriched in cholesterol, indicating improvement in the reverse cholesterol transport and lower risk of atherosclerosis in both groups, it is important to note that production of cholesterol-poor LDL particles and reduction in LDL cholesterol and the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio were observed only in the normotriglyceride group (type IIa). Due to the initially elevated concentration of plasma triglycerides and VLDL in type IIb patients and the increased catabolism of VLDL to LDL during gemfibrozil therapy, this drug has a more efficient regulating effect on LDL particles in type IIa compared with type IIb hyperlipidemia.