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Biomedical subjects

P Josset

Publications and source records attributed to P Josset.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Therapeutic uses of natron in Ancient Egypt and the Greco-Roman world].

Natron or native soda, a natural compound of sodium salts, was a very important product in ancient history. It was produced in Egypt, Middle East and Greece. Natron was used for medicine, cookery, agriculture, in glass-making and to dehydrate egyptian mummies. The medicinal uses are known thanks to egyptian pharaonic, greek and latin texts, which are rich of hundreds of recipes. Those treatments concerning almost every part of the body were essentially applied externally. They are often intended to treat dermatological pathology and hydro-electrolytic disorders as well as lesions caused by fungi and parasites. The present knowledge of the pharmacological properties of the components of natron does not explain fully its place in ancient medicine.

Egypt, Ancient↗
PubMed1996

[A case of intrapancreatic duodenal duplication communicating with the biliopancreatic channel].

Intestinal duplications are rare and are usually diagnosed in the first two years of infancy. They can occur at any level of the alimentary tract from the oral cavity to the anus. Duodenal duplication accounts for approximately 7% of all intestinal duplications. A previously healthy 4-year 6-month old boy was admitted with progressive increasing vomiting. Physical examination was normal, the serum amylase level was moderately increased. Upper gastrointestinal series showed an extrinsic compression defect of the proximal duodenum. Ultrasonography showed a 3 cm diameter cyst in the head of the pancreas. A duplication was suggested. Helical CT cholangiography showed a communication between duplication and the biliopancreatic common channel. The biliary tree was normal. Surgical resection of the intrapancreatic lesion was performed. Microscopic examination of the specimen revealed a duodenal duplication.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

History of infertility.

Infertility has always been a constant preoccupation. The problems it raises today on medical, social, ethical, political and religious levels bear witness to this emphasis, but also to how complicated infertility is to deal with and understand. This study not only examines the history of infertility and the treatments applied but also the repercussions for infertile women socially. As we look through history, we find that the attitudes of physicians have often reflected the role of the woman and her image in society.

Arab World↗
PubMed1995

[Multilocular cyst of the kidney in a child. Value of MRI?].

We report one case of multilocular cyst of the kidney in one year and three months female infant who underwent echography, computed tomography and MRI before surgery. MR image accurately reflect the morphology of the tumor: the capsule is hypointense on T1-weighted images, the septa show moderate enhancement with intravenous contrast. Varied intensities from fluid in the visualised locules presumably represent different concentration of proteins. MR imaging features are highly suggestive but non pathognomonic of the disease. Positive diagnosis always require histology.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Soft tissue signal abnormality associated with eosinophilic granuloma. Correlation of MR imaging with pathologic findings.

Six patients with eosinophilic granuloma were studied retrospectively in order to correlate the MRI appearances with the pathology. Ages ranged from 2 years 6 months to 11 years. The bones involved were the humerus, ulna, radius, femur, clavicle and ilium. Plain films, MRI and pathology specimens were obtained. A lytic lesion with indistinct margins, endosteal erosions and periosteal reaction was seen in all cases on plain radiographs. Bone marrow signal was decreased on T1-weighted images and increased on T2-weighted images throughout the bony lesion in all cases. T2-weighted images showed extensive soft-tissue abnormalities suggesting inflammatory changes in four cases. In two cases abnormalities were limited. Extensive changes correlated histologically with an early phase lesion. Localized minor changes were associated with a mid-phase lesion. Inflammatory soft-tissue changes could be associated with eosinophilic granuloma. The size of the soft tissue mass correlated well with the activity of the bony lesion.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1994

Histiocytosis X revealed by complex anal fistula.

A very unusual clinical case of histiocytosis X in a young girl with no unusual medical history, is presented. The patient presented with chronic suppuration of the groin and complex anal fistulae and multiple recurrent abscesses, despite surgical treatment (abscess drainage, terminal colostomy). Intestinal and immunologic evaluation were normal. Only histology made the diagnosis. Chemotherapy (vinblastine) resulted in healing and the colostomy was closed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[An unusual cause of dysphagia: cervical schwannoma of the prevertebral space. Radioclinical correlations].

The authors report a case of cervical schwannoma with an atypical clinical expression, site and imaging features. The anteromedian lesion lying in the prevertebral and retropharyngeal spaces accounts for its clinical expression in the form of dysphagia. The target appearance on computed tomography and on the T2-weighted MRI sequence was suggestive of a neurofibroma and was due to deposition of fibrin and haemorrhagic exudates in the center of the lesion. The presence of a prevertebral ansa cervicalis in front of the long muscles of the neck, between the longus capitis and longus colli muscles, accounts for the vertical, elongated appearance of this tumour involving the prevertebral space.

Deglutition Disorders↗
PubMed1994

[Gynecology and obstetrics in ancient Egypt].

We analyzed scriptural and archeologic sources of information concerning gynaecology and obstetrics as practiced in ancient Egypt. Knowledge of anatomy was rudimentary but precocious diagnosis of pregnancy was practiced. An obstetrical chair had been used since the VIth dynasty. The Egyptians were the first to describe prolapsus of the genital organs. The pessary was a known treatment. Spermicidal mixtures were used for contraception.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1992

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism in isolated perfused liver of cirrhotic rats.

We examined the possible contribution of the liver to the alterations in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism in cirrhosis. The livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats with CCl4-induced cirrhosis were removed and placed in a recirculating perfusion system. Net amino acid uptake and release were determined over 55 min. Results were compared with those obtained with control animals, which were either pair-fed or fed ad libitum. Intrahepatic amino acid concentrations were determined at the end of the perfusion. The release of isoleucine and leucine was significantly lower in the cirrhotic livers than in the controls fed ad libitum. There was no difference between the cirrhotic and pair-fed groups with regard to the fluxes of the three BCAA. Intrahepatic concentrations of BCAA were reduced only in pair-fed controls. These results suggest that both cirrhosis and a low protein/calorie diet alter hepatic BCAA flux, but via different mechanisms. In cirrhosis, alterations could be due both to low food intake and to BCAA metabolism in non-parenchymal cells.

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain↗
PubMed1992

[A rare cause of neonatal exudative enteropathy: congenital Langerhans cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X)].

A case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis is reported in a neonate. Intestinal involvement was especially diffuse and severe, presenting as a protein-losing enteropathy secondary to massive mucosal infiltration by histiocytic cells. The infant died at the age of 3 1/2 months despite therapy with corticosteroids and vinblastine then etoposide and interferon. Such an outcome confirmed the severity of forms with neonatal onset and digestive involvement.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1989

A radiological analysis of the postural syndromes following hemilabyrinthectomy and selective canal and otolith lesions in the guinea pig.

X-ray photography was employed to analyse the postural syndromes following unilateral global and selective lesions of the vestibular apparatus in guinea pigs. Following hemilabyrinthectomy, head rotation in the horizontal plane resulted mainly from rotation of the cervical vertebrae whereas lateral head tilt was due to the rotation of thoracic vertebrae about the longitudinal axis. These results support our previous conclusion that because of both resting posture and intrinsic biomechanical constraints, the number of degrees of freedom of the cervical column is reduced and the cervical vertebrae are functionally specialized. Selective lesions of the vestibular apparatus have aided in determining the origin of the different components of the hemilabyrinthectomy syndrome: rotation of thoracic vertebrae was caused by unilateral lesion of the otolithic system whereas rotation of the head in the horizontal plane resulted from unilateral lesion of the horizontal semicircular canal system. We conclude that the functional segmentation of the cervical column corresponds to a differential distribution of vestibular afferents.

Animals↗