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Biomedical subjects

P Joly

Publications and source records attributed to P Joly.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Late coronary reperfusion. A possible etiology of post-infarction angina].

Late recanalisation of the infarct Related Artery is possible and may cause post-infarction angina. This was observed in 7 male patients who had complete occlusions of an artery with collateral circulation in the immediate post-infarction period. After a symptom-free period of 17 months, angina recurred and repeat angiography showed recanalisation of the occluded artery with regression of the collateral circulation resulting in myocardial ischemia. Myocardial revascularisation was then required.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Exposure to the risk of traffic accidents, a fundamental epidemiological parameter, and one difficult to measure].

This is a review of the literature dealing with exposure to the risk of traffic accidents. We present the principal definitions of this concept, the different measures of risk exposure, indicators of the risk of traffic accidents, and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used for the collection of data. The validity of the measure of exposure to risk is analyzed as well. We conclude that while distance travelled is the principal measure of exposure to risk accepted by the research community, it is necessary to use a composite measure which also takes into account the risk associated with the driver.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1991

[Study of early myocardial infarction by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium Dota injection].

Ten patients with acute myocardial infarction were studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with injection of a paramagnetic contrast agent: Gadolinium-DOTA (Gd-DOTA). The time interval between the onset of symptoms and MRI was 8 to 12 days. The site of infarction was determined in all cases by Thallium 201 scintigraphy (hypofixation) and selective ventriculography (segmental wall anomalies): anterior (6 cases), inferior (4 cases). MRI was performed with a 0.5 Tesla CGR Magniscan by the multiple spin technique. A series of tomographic sections was recorded immediately after intravenous injection of 0.4 mmol/Kg of Gd-DOTA. Recent myocardial infarction with parenchymal oedema gives an enhanced transmural signal: only 3 patients had a sufficiently contrasted image on the 1st spin echo. After Gd-DOTA, 7 patients had significantly increased contrast on this echo and in all excellent contrast between infarcted and healthy myocardium was obtained in 9 of the 10 patients. There was excellent correlation concerning the site of infarction between Thallium scintigraphy and left ventriculography. The intensity of signal and T2 relaxation time of different myocardial segments was studied by the regions of interest technique: the ratio of signal intensity of infarcted/healthy myocardium was 1.3 before and 1.7 after Gd-DOTA on first spin echo images. The mean T2 was 54.1 +/- 9 ms in healthy and 82 +/- 28 ms in infarcted myocardium. After Gd-DOTA, both values decreased and tended to equalize.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Diastole↗
PubMed1991

[Value of magnetic resonance imaging in 2 cases of annular constriction of the ventricles].

Chronic pericarditis can take the form of localised annular bands constricting the atrioventricular grooves, the pulmonary infundibulum and, rarely, the atria. The authors report two cases of pericardial bands surrounding the ventricles and involving the atrioventricular groove resulting in a biloculation of the left ventricle. One case was complicated by adiastole and one by mitral regurgitation due to involvement of the posterior mitral leaflet. Magnetic resonance imaging gave precise definition of these bands and of their extension into the myocardium. This investigation was a valuable complement before surgery of the localised constriction.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1990

The increased plasma Lp(a): B lipoprotein particle concentration in angina pectoris is not associated with hypofibrinolysis.

The structural homology between plasminogen and apolipoprotein (a), the specific glycoprotein of Lp(a) lipoprotein, raises the possibility of a relationship between this lipoprotein and the plasma fibrinolytic system. The present study examines this proposal by studying 66 patients with angina pectoris. As compared to normal controls, the patients had raised concentrations of Lp(a): B lipoprotein particles. No correlation was found between circulating Lp(a): B and the fibrinolytic system. The pathogenic role of Lp(a): B lipoprotein seems therefore not mediated by its effect on the plasma fibrinolytic system.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Alterations of growth fraction and DNA content in K562 cells by differentiating agents.

The growth fraction, estimated by the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 labeling, and DNA content, assessed by ethidium bromide staining, were determined simultaneously in K562 leukemic cells by flow cytometry. A multiparametric analysis enabled the fraction of the cell population with G1, S, and G2 + M contents in Ki-67-positive and Ki-67-negative cells to be evaluated. Butyric acid (BUT) was used as positive control. The fraction of Ki-positive cells decreased with the BUT concentration, while the proportion of cells with G1 DNA content increased only in the Ki-negative cells. Adriamycin, aclacinomycin A, and fagaronine induced differentiation, as assessed by benzidine staining and glycophorin A expression. These drugs decreased the fraction of Ki-positive cells by more than 50% for both anthracyclines and by 25% for fagaronine. Following treatment, Ki-negative cells displayed a G1, but also a G2 and a S DNA content in different proportions, indicating that induction of quiescent cells by differentiating agents is not a uniform process and is worthy of interest.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1990

Increased lung epithelial permeability in HIV-infected patients with isolated cytotoxic T-lymphocytic alveolitis.

HIV-related lymphocytic alveolitis is common in HIV-seropositive patients without lung infection or tumor. In some of them a fraction of alveolar lymphocytes are HIV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) bearing the CD8 and D44 cell surface markers and capable of killing HIV-infected alveolar macrophages. In order to evaluate the in vivo effect of these CTL on lung function, we measured the pulmonary clearance of aerosolized 99mTc-diethylene triamine penta-acetate (DTPA-CI) on 24 occasions in 22 patients with lymphocytic alveolitis. DTPA-CI has been selected as a highly sensitive test to detect injury of the lung epithelium. In 13 of the patients, we found a high DTPA-CI of 4.56 +/- 2.54%.min-1 (mean +/- SD), suggesting an increase of the epithelial permeability. The lymphocytic alveolitis was then characterized by a high cellularity, a high proportion of lymphocytes (59 +/- 18%), mainly composed of CD8+D44+ T-lymphocytes (149 +/- 109 cells/mm3), which spontaneously exhibited a cytolytic activity against the autologous alveolar macrophages in a standard 51Cr release assay. In the remaining 11 patients, DTPA-CI was normal (less than 1.78%.min-1), lymphocytic alveolitis being characterized by a low number or an absence of CD8+D44+ alveolar lymphocytes (9 +/- 13 cells/mm3) with no significant cytolytic activity. In the whole group, a significant correlation (r = 0.74, p = 0.0004) was found between the DTPA-CI and the number of CD8+D44+ lymphocytes and their cytotoxic activity against alveolar macrophages. Altogether, these results suggest that an injury of the lung epithelium could result from a HIV-specific CTL-induced immunologic conflict.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Immediate delayed coronary angioplasty after intravenous thrombolysis in myocardial infarction. Prospective study].

A prospective randomized study was undertaken in 50 patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (streptokinase, tissue plasminogen activator, association of the two thrombolytics) for acute myocardial infarction to determine the best time to perform percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Coronary angiography was carried out 24 to 72 hours after thrombolysis. This investigation allowed identification of the patients in whom PTCA was technically feasible. These patients were then divided into two groups: Group A: early PTCA (24-72 hours) and Group B: delayed PTCA (8-10 days). During the hospital period, the patients were prescribed heparin therapy and aspirin. Recurrent ischemia (RI) was investigated and treated by PTCA. The criteria of success of strategies A and B were a primary success of PTCA and no RI during the hospital period. Coronary angiography was performed in 108 successive patients of whom 50 were included for the comparative trial, 25 in Group A and 25 in Group B. In group A, PTCA was successful in 24 cases and there were 2 incidents of RI (6 hours and 12 days). In Group B, 4 episodes of RI were observed in the 24 hours following coronary angiography: after 10 days, 15 of the 20 patients with uncomplicated courses underwent PTCA; 1 patient refused consent, 2 regressions of stenosis and 3 asymptomatic reocclusions were observed. A primary success of PTCA was obtained in 13 of the 15 patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the results of the strategies adopted in Groups A and B. A therapeutic success was obtained in 22 of the 25 patients in Group A, and 19 of the 25 patients in Group B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Cell-mediated suppression of HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

CTL specific for HIV have been described in lungs of infected patients at early stages of HIV disease. In order to characterize the evolution over time of HIV-specific CTL, we have analyzed the cytotoxic function and the cell surface phenotype of the alveolar lymphocytes from 41 patients at various stages of HIV disease. We demonstrated a progressive decline of alveolar anti-HIV CTL activity and detected Ts cells from the lungs of patients with advanced HIV disease. These alveolar T cells strongly suppressed the effector phase of anti-HIV CTL lysis. They lacked a marked specificity of function because they also block anti-HLA CTL response and were not restricted by the HLA-class-I transplantation Ag. They displayed the CD3, CD8, and HNK1 markers, were CD4 and CD16 negative, and lacked NK activity. The presence of Ts cells at late stages of HIV disease could thus partly explain the inefficiency of host defenses against HIV.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1989

Comparative effects of fagaronine, adriamycin and aclacinomycin on K562 cell sensitivity to natural-killer-mediated lysis. Lack of agreement between alteration of transferrin receptor and CD15 antigen expressions and induction of resistance to natural killer.

Little is known about membrane target antigens for natural killer (NK) cells. Transferrin receptor and CD15 antigen might be two of these target structures. A novel antileukemic alkaloid, fagaronine, is able to induce hemoglobin synthesis in the K562 cell line. Numerous reports suggest relations between the expression of natural killer target structures and the differentiation stage of malignant cells. Effects of fagaronine on the expression of glycophorin A, transferrin receptor and CD15 antigen and susceptibility to NK-mediated lysis have been investigated in K562 cells and compared to those of two anthracyclines (Adriamycin and aclacinomycin A) known to be erythroid-differentiation inducers. When comparing the balance of differentiating effect and toxicity, the dose and time-dependent effects of the drugs, fagaronine and aclacinomycin, are equivalent on K562 cells. In experimental conditions where fagaronine (3500 nM), Adriamycin (40 nM) and aclacinomycin (15 nM) recruit the same percentage of hemoglobin-containing cells (40%-50%), glycophorin A expression increases and transferrin receptor expression decreases. Only Adriamycin treatment decreases CD15 antigen expression. In addition, Adriamycin and aclacinomycin, but not fagaronine, induce resistance to NK-mediated lysis. These data suggest that (a) it is unlikely that CD15 antigen and transferrin receptor, separately considered, can be unique target structures for NK cells; and (b) fagaronine is a potent erythroid inducer which, in our system, has similar effects to aclacinomycin without induced resistance to NK attack.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative morphological aspects of granulocytic differentiation induced in HL-60 cells by dimethylsulfoxide and retinoic acid.

HL-60 cells differentiate to mature granulocytes when cultured with DMSO or retinoic acid. These two drugs can induce different expression of phenotypic or functional properties in these cells. The morphological characteristics of the differentiation sequences elicited by these two drugs have been therefore evaluated by a quantitative cytological analysis technique using a SAMBA 200 cell image processor. The maturation sequences induced by DMSO or retinoic acid differed mainly in nuclear geometry and cytoplasmic granules expression. Multivariate statistical analyses of data reveal that DMSO and retinoic acid elicited granulocytic maturation through two separate morphological pathways which can be individualized as early as 24 hr after differentiation induction. Image processing may therefore offer an interesting tool for studying new drugs with differentiation potential in chemotherapy.

Analysis of Variance↗