'Isoallergens' from rye grass pollen.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Allergens↗
Biomedical subjects
P Johnson
Publications and source records attributed to P Johnson.
The effect of hemicholinium (HC-3) on sympathetic transmission at the nictitating membrane of the rabbit.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Acetylcholine↗
Guide to the use of the vacuum extractor by nurse-midwives.
The vacuum extractor has become a widely used instrument in many settings. It has proven to be a reliable method of ensuring safe passage of the fetus and/or enhancing maternal effort during the second stage of labor. The principles of vacuum-assisted birth are learned relatively easily and have been incorporated into many nurse-midwifery practices. This article reviews the principles of vacuum extraction as they apply to the practice of nurse-midwifery. Vacuum extractors available to nurse-midwives are compared. Nurse-midwives are familiarized with vacuum extraction so that they can make an informed choice concerning the vacuum extractor as an appropriate tool within their practice. This article is not intended to teach nurse-midwives to use the vacuum extractor. It does, however, provide guidelines for credentialing those nurse-midwives choosing to incorporate the principles of vacuum extraction into their practice.
Clinical Protocols↗
Evaluation survey of the ACNM division of research 1994.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Oral evening primrose oil: its effect on length of pregnancy and selected intrapartum outcomes in low-risk nulliparous women.
Evening primrose oil is widely used by many midwives to hasten cervical ripening in an effort to shorten labor and decrease the incidence of postdates pregnancies. Although its efficacy has been studied in the relief of symptoms of a number of medical conditions, its use has not been well studied, if at all, for the purpose of cervical ripening. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral evening primrose oil on the length of pregnancy and selected intrapartum outcomes in low-risk nulliparous women. A two group retrospective quasi-experimental design conducted on a sample of women who received care in a birth center, compared selected outcomes of 54 women taking evening primrose oil in their pregnancy with a control group of 54 women who did not. Findings suggest that the oral administration of evening primrose oil from the 37th gestational week until birth does not shorten gestation or decrease the overall length of labor. Further, the use of orally administered evening primrose oil may be associated with an increase in the incidence of prolonged rupture of membranes, oxytocin augmentation, arrest of descent, and vacuum extraction.
Administration, Oral↗
The Asgaard project: a task-specific framework for the application and critiquing of time-oriented clinical guidelines.
Clinical guidelines can be viewed as generic skeletal-plan schemata that represent clinical procedural knowledge and that are instantiated and refined dynamically by care providers over significant time periods. In the Asgaard project, we are investigating a set of tasks that support the application of clinical guidelines by a care provider other than the guideline's designer. We are focusing on the application of the guideline, recognition of care providers' intentions from their actions, and critique of care providers' actions given the guideline and the patient's medical record. We are developing methods that perform these tasks in multiple clinical domains, given an instance of a properly represented clinical guideline and an electronic medical patient record. In this paper, we point out the precise domain-specific knowledge required by each method, such as the explicit intentions of the guideline designer (represented as temporal patterns to be achieved or avoided). We present a machine-readable language, called Asbru, to represent and to annotate guidelines based on the task-specific ontology. We also introduce an automated tool for the acquisition of clinical guidelines based on the same ontology, developed using the PROTEGE-II framework.
Artificial Intelligence↗
Effective treatment of pancreatic tumors with two multimutated herpes simplex oncolytic viruses.
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive, rapidly fatal disease against which current nonsurgical therapy has minimal impact. This study evaluates the efficacy of two novel, replication-competent, multimutated herpes viruses (G207 and NV1020) in an experimental model of pancreatic cancer. Four human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines were exposed to G207 or NV1020, and cell survival and viral progeny production were determined. Flank tumors in athymic mice were subjected to single or multiple injections of 1 x 10(7) G207 or NV1020, and tumor volume was evaluated over time. For all of the cell lines, G207 and NV1020 produced infection, viral replication, and cell lysis (P < 0.05). NV1020 resulted in a higher production of viral progeny compared to G207. The efficacy of viral tumor cell kill was greatest in those cells with the shortest in vitro doubling time. For flank tumors derived from hs766t, single or multiple injections of both viruses were equally effective and significantly reduced flank tumor burden (P < 0.05). Complete hs766t flank tumor eradication was achieved in 25% (5 of 20) of animals treated with G207 and 40% (8 of 20) of animals treated with NV1020. In vivo efficacy correlated with in vivo tumor doubling time. There were no adverse effects related to viral administration observed in any animal. NV1020 and G207 effectively infect and kill human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Given the lack of effective nonoperative treatments for pancreatic cancer, oncolytic herpes viruses should be considered for clinical evaluation.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Post-conviction DNA testing: the UK's first 'exoneration' case?
The routine incorporation of forensic DNA profiling into the criminal justice systems of the United Kingdom has been widely promoted as a device for improving the quality of investigative and prosecutorial processes. From its first uses in the 1980s, in cases of serious crime, to the now daily collection, analysis and comparison of genetic samples in the National DNA Database, DNA profiling has become a standard instrument of policing and a powerful evidential resource for prosecutors. However, the use of post-conviction DNA testing has, until recently, been uncommon in the United Kingdom. This paper explores the first case, in England, of the contribution of DNA profiling to a successful appeal against conviction by an imprisoned offender. Analysis of the details of this case is used to emphasise the ways in which novel forms of scientific evidence remain subject to traditional and heterogeneous tests of relevance and credibility.
Blood Group Antigens↗
The 1999 ACC task analysis of nurse-midwifery/midwifery practice phase I: the instrument development study.
The national certification examination (NCE) in nurse-midwifery and midwifery is developed, administered, and evaluated by the ACNM Certification Council (ACC). The blueprint for the NCE is based upon a comprehensive list of tasks that describe the knowledge, skills, and abilities expected of the midwifery practitioner at entry into the profession. In 1999, the ACC initiated the third in a series of task analysis studies to ensure the currency and relevance of the task list. This study was considered particularly timely, given that the professional organization, the American College of Nurse-Midwives, had approved pathways to midwifery for individuals whose first degree was not in nursing (the certified midwife) and also had expanded the core competencies for midwifery practice to include responsibilities in the domain of primary care. This manuscript reports the results of the pilot study, in which the specific list of tasks was developed. Three hundred and six ACNM members responded to a preliminary list of tasks, indicating their opinion about whether each specific task was relevant to entry-level midwifery practice. The task list finally derived consists of 219 tasks and 177 clinical conditions, dispersed among seven domains of practice (antepartum, intrapartum, newborn, postpartum, well-woman/gynecology, primary care/health assessment, and professional issues.) The task list represents a comprehensive profile of entry-level practice for nurse-midwives and midwives certified by the ACC.
Adult↗
Striking similarities between antigen receptor J pieces and sequence in the second chain of the murine CD8 antigen.
The CD8 antigen is a marker for T-lymphocyte subsets that is absent from helper T cells but expressed on cytotoxic T cells which recognize foreign determinants in association with class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. It has been suggested that CD8 plays some part in recognition by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells since anti-CD8 antibodies can block their functions and the human CD8 antigen contains a domain with clear similarities to immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor (TCR) variable-region (V) domains. Human CD8 antigen is thought to be a homodimer but in the mouse and rat the equivalent antigens (alternatively called Lyt2,3 and OX8) are heterodimeric. Rat CD8 contains two chains of relative molecular mass 32,000 (32K) and 37K: the 32K chain is the rat homologue of human CD8 and mouse Lyt2. We describe here the molecular cloning of the rat 37K chain using an oligonucleotide probe predicted from peptide sequence. The full protein sequence is derived from the complementary DNA and matches limited peptide sequence for mouse Lyt3. The new sequence is more like immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor V domains than other T-cell antigens and includes a patch that is almost identical to some joining (J) piece sequences. This suggests that the CD8 and receptor heterodimers may have evolved directly from a common ancestor.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
NBTS/BRIC 8. A monoclonal anti-C3d antibody.
A stable mouse hybridoma line secreting monoclonal anti-C3d antibody (NBTS/BRIC 8) was produced. Ascitic fluid containing BRIC 8 can be used at a final dilution of 1 to 5000 to provide an excellent antiglobulin reagent when mixed with a conventional polyclonal rabbit anti-human IgG serum.
Animals↗
A method for the investigation of free and protein-bound N-nitrosoproline in beer.
Hydrolysis of beer peptides and proteins by both mild enzymatic and vigorous alkaline conditions has established that peptide-bound N-nitrosoproline residues are not present in beer in significant quantities. Free N-nitrosoproline remains the single most abundant identified N-nitroso compound, and this accounts for up to 10% of the apparent total N-nitroso compounds (ATNC). Both hydrolysis and extractability studies strongly indicate that the majority of the ATNC are not associated with beer peptides, but rather are likely to be low molecular weight possessing in some cases an acidic functional group.
Beer↗
An evaluation of the responsiveness of a comprehensive set of outcome measures for children and adolescents with traumatic brain injuries.
The relative responsiveness of nine outcome measure scales was evaluated with 33 children and adolescents (aged 4-18 years) who had sustained traumatic brain injuries. Scales were selected to evaluate outcomes from each of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health domains. The outcome measures were administered to all participants during their inpatient rehabilitation stay and again at a follow-up clinic visit. No single outcome measure captured the diversity of improvement in this sample. The measures agreed that improvement had occurred, but did not agree about which children were improving. This result suggests that the scales were measuring different skills and outcomes. Three of the measures used in combination, either the Child Health Questionnaire or the Functional Independence Measure for Children, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcome Measures System (Birth to Kindergarten NOMS/School-aged Health Care) and the Gross Motor Function Measure, are sufficient to detect change in each of the children where change occurred. The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory and the MultiAttribute Health Status Classification were the least responsive of the nine measures used.
Activities of Daily Living↗
In vitro effects of ethanol, acetaldehyde and fatty acid ethyl esters on human erythrocytes.
In vitro experiments were performed to determine if ethanol was metabolized by human erythrocytes and to investigate if ethanol or its metabolites, acetaldehyde and fatty acid ethyl esters, affected erythrocyte morphology and stability. No detectable metabolism of ethanol was found in erythrocytes, although ethanol itself caused an elevated rate of spontaneous haemolysis in erythrocyte preparations. Physiologically attainable levels of ethanol were found to stabilize erythrocytes against haemolysis induced by sodium hypochlorite, and the presence of ethanol caused a decrease in erythrocyte reactive oxygen species levels, although the mechanism for such a process is unknown. Both physiologically attainable and higher levels of acetaldehyde had no effects on erythrocyte morphology and stability even after a 16 h exposure. Fatty acid ethyl esters caused structural changes and instability in erythrocytes in vitro, but whether such changes occur in vivo has not been established. The results of these studies suggest that the deleterious effects of ethanol consumption on erythrocytes in vivo may be, at least in part, the result of direct effects of unmetabolized ethanol on erythrocyte components.
Acetaldehyde↗
Mapping of PRM1 to human chromosome 16 and tight linkage of Prm-1 and Prm-2 on mouse chromosome 16.
The protamines are small, arginine-rich nuclear proteins that replace histones and transition proteins late in the haploid phase of spermatogenesis in mammals. The two mouse genes encoding protamines--Prm-1 and Prm-2--have been molecularly cloned and mapped to mouse chromosome 16 (MMU 16). A cDNA clone of mouse Prm-1 that hybridized to the corresponding human gene was used to analyze a panel of somatic cell hybrids made between human lymphoblasts and the E36 hamster cell line. The human gene, which we have designated PRM 1, was syntenic with human chromosome 16 (HSA 16) and discordant with all other human chromosomes. Linkage analysis in the mouse was accomplished using the backcross (Czech II x BALB/c Pt) x Czech II to map Prm-1 and Prm-2 to a position near the 5' terminus of MMU 16. No recombination between Prm-1 and Prm-2 was observed among 89 progeny of the Czech II x BALB/c cross or among 94 progeny of the backcross (CBA/J x BALB/cJ) x BALB/cJ, demonstrating that the two loci are separated by less than 1.6 cM on MMU 16. This tight linkage may be of functional significance, as Prm-1 and Prm-2 are among a limited number of genes known to be expressed postmeiotically in male haploid germ cells.
Animals↗
Compliance and durability in pressure garments.
This study examined the pressure volumetric characteristics (compliance) of Jobst (Jobst Institute, Toledo, Ohio), Barton-Carey (Barton-Carey Co., Perrysburg, Ohio), and Tubigrip (SePro Healthcare Inc., Moorestown, N.J.) pressure garments for arms after repeated saturation with lubricating substances and repeated washing/drying cycles. The three treatment groups were each composed of one sleeve from each of the manufacturers and were subjected to 20 washing/drying cycles. In addition, the sleeves in treatment groups 2 and 3 were saturated with cocoa butter and Lubriderm moisturizer, respectively, before each cycle. Circumferential measurements were taken on the proximal forearm of the sleeve at varying degrees of pressure with a Grafco standard sphygmomanometer (Graham Field Inc., Hauppauge, N.Y.) and a Gulick anthropometric tape measure (Creative Engineering, Plymouth, Mich.). Measurements were taken initially and after every fifth washing/drying cycle. Analysis of variance revealed significant results for the main effects and some interactions at the 0.01 level. Overall results showed little change in the Jobst and Barton-Carey garments, whereas the Tubigrip garments displayed an inconsistent pattern.
Burns↗
Integrating political involvement and nursing education.
Numerous nursing leadership organizations and nursing experts emphasize the need for nurses to develop health policy skills. However, most nurses continue to lack this skill. Few examples of successful ways to deal with health policy in the curriculum can be found in the literature. The authors present a discussion of how health policy skills may be developed at various curriculum levels and use a Master's core course in health policy as an example of a graduate course.
Curriculum↗
Mediators on human airway smooth muscle.
1. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma may be due to several abnormalities, but must include alterations in the airway smooth muscle responsiveness and/or volume. 2. Increased responsiveness of airway smooth muscle in vitro can be induced by certain inflammatory cell products and by induction of sensitization (atopy). 3. Increased airway smooth muscle growth can also be induced by inflammatory cell products and atopic serum. 4. Mast cell numbers are increased in the airways of asthmatics and, in our studies, in airway smooth muscle that is sensitized and hyperresponsive. 5. We propose that there is a relationship between mast cells and airway smooth muscle cells which, once an allergic process has been initiated, results in the development of critical features in the lungs in asthma.
Asthma↗