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Biomedical subjects

P James

Publications and source records attributed to P James.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

An investigation into the validity and reliability of the marking of students' orthodontic practical work.

This study has shown all three examiners to be different; surely a reflection of human nature. One examiner appeared to be strongly influenced by the students' past performance in the course, and the results confirm the findings of Natkin and Guild (1967) that examiners do not always observe the same errors and even when they do, may attach differing importance to the observed deficiency. It was found that an examiner's standard may vary from day to day but, in general, the intra- and inter-examiner correlations were similar to those reported in other studies of undergraduate practical work (Lilley et al., 1968; Silvestri et al., 1979; Goepferd and Kerber, 1980). It may be concluded that: 1. All marking should be done "blind' whenever possible. 2. Marking, once started, should be finished without a break as an examiner's own "pass' standard may vary unduly from one occasion to another. 3. The entire batch of material should be marked by the same examiner, as another could have a significantly different pass standard even though they might agree on the candidates' final order. 4. Because one examiner may subconsciously attach rather more importance to an aspect of the work that another does not notice, there would be a case for two or more examiners carrying out the marking. Their average marks could then be used. In this case, each examiner would, of course, mark the entire batch.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1980

A comparative study of the old tuberculin tine test and the PPD-tine test.

Forty-one children suspected of having tuberculosis were simultaneously given an intermediate strength Mantoux test, an old tuberculin tine test (OT), and a purified protein derivative (PPD) tine test. Each test was read at 48 hours, and the largest diameter of induration was recorded. Twenty-nine patients had a positive reaction to the Mantoux test, 20 patients had a positive reaction to the OT tine test, and 16 patients had a positive reaction to the PPD-tine test. There were seven instances of a doubtful reaction to the OT tine test and nine to the PPD-tine test. Two children with positive Mantoux tests had negative OT tine tests, and four with positive Mantoux tests had negative PPD-tine test reactions. There was a significant difference between the number of positive reactors to the Mantoux test and both tine tests. If all tine test reactions of 2 mm or more were considered positive (doubtful plus positive reactors), there was no significant difference between any of the tuberculin tests. All suggestively positive tine reactors should, therefore, be retested with a Mantoux test to avoid false-negative interpretation of the tines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Identification and separation of secreted platelet proteins by isoelectric focusing. Evidence that low-affinity platelet factor 4 is converted to beta-thromboglobulin by limited proteolysis.

Low-affinity platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin are low molecular weight platelet secretory proteins that have common antigenic determinants. Four amino acids (Asn-Leu-Ala-Lys) at the amino terminus of beta-thromboglobulin are deleted, but the remaining sequences of the two peptides appear to be identical. Low-affinity platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin have respective isoelectric points at pH 8.0 and at pH 7.0. Identification, quantitation, and separation of both proteins was achieved by a method combining preparative isoelectric focusing and specific radioimmunoassay with anti-low-affinity platelet factor 4 antibody. It has been determined that the supernate processes immediately after platelet aggregation induced by ionophore A23187 or thrombin contains approximately 80% low-affinity platelet factor 4, 8% beta-thromboglobulin, and 12% highly cationic immunoreactive material (platelet basic protein). Experimental evidence suggests that low-affinity platelet factor 4 is originally secreted by platelets and then converted to beta-thromboglobulin by a platelet-derived, heat-labile protease that is inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1979

Primary drug resistance in children. Drug susceptibility of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from children during the years 1973 through 1977 at the Kings County Hospital Center of Brooklyn.

A continuing study of the frequency of primary drug resistance among children treated at the Kings County Hospital Center of Brooklyn during the years 1973 through 1977 showed a high incidence of primary drug resistance to isoniazid (8.8 per cent) and to streptomycin (12.3 per cent). In contrast, there were no strains resistant to cycloserine, viomycin, ethambutol, or rifampin, and only one of 57 strains (1.8 per cent) was resistant to ethionamide, and one (1.8 per cent) was resistant to para-aminosalicylic acid. Comparison with previous studies begun in 1961 showed no significant increase in resistance to isoniazid during 3 prior periods of study and no increase in resistance to streptomycin during the last 2 periods of study. It must be emphasized that these findings relate only to the children of a local community, and do not reflect the prevalence of primary drug resistance elsewhere in this country or among different age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Surgical treatment of mandibular joint disorders.

This paper deals with the operations available for disorders of the temporomandibular joint. It mentions the criteria and techniques for doing these operations, namely high condylectomy, augmentation, interposition grafts and rib grafts and reviews the results of a 15-year follow-up on 64% of 130 patients on whom the author has operated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A two-year experience with cromolyn sodium in children with asthma.

A two-year experience with cromolyn sodium in children with asthma drawn from inner city population, is presented. Though the initial response to the drug at six weeks was excellent, the response over a two-year period was only very moderate. The possible reasons for this are discussed.

Asthma↗
PubMed1976

Exchange transfusion and major surgery in acute hepatic failure.

Of the many techniques available for short-term support of the failing liver, a closed "isovolemic" method of exchange transfusions remains simple and safe. We used this method to exchange 143 U. of blood in eight patients in Stage III/IV hepatic failure; four patients had no previous underlying liver disease. Significant improvements of biochemical and coagulation parameters resulted. Serum bilirubin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and, lactic dehydrogenase levels fell from a mean, 24.7 mg. per 100 ml., 3,100 mU. per milliliter, 2,796 mU. per millilter, respectively, to 10.9 mg. per 100 ml., 122.9 mU. per milliliter, and 558.5 mU. per milliliter, respectively, 6 to 12 hours following transfusion. Prolongation of serum prothrombin and thrombin times (over controls) of 31.1 and 30.1 seconds (mean) were markedly decreased to 3.2 and 6.1 seconds 6 to 12 hours following transfusion; partial thromboplastin times were decreased from a mean 196.4 seconds to 87.8 seconds after the same period. Levels of Factors VII, IX, and X were increased transiently. Correlations of exchange transfusion to reversal of coma and improvements in electroencephalograms were poor. Two patients in coma were subjected to major surgery following exchange transfusion; one patient survived vagotomy and hemigastrectomy for stress bleeding and one withstood a temporary baboon liver heterotopic transplant which aided in recovery from coma. We recommend isovolemic exchange transfusion as specific treatment for coagulation abnormalities and as an over-all aid in lowering the mortality rate of patients in hepatic coma. Marked improvements in homeostasis make major surgery feasible.

Adolescent↗