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Biomedical subjects

P Jaeger

Publications and source records attributed to P Jaeger.

209 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Mechanism of blood pressure reduction by teprotide (SQ 20881) in rats.

The mechanism by which the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, teprotide (SQ 20881), lowers blood pressure was assessed in anesthetized normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Teprotide always was administered at a maximally effective dose of 1 mg/kg. In six normal Wistar rats, teprotide lowered blood pressure only after sodium depletion, an effect which was abolished by bilateral nephrectomy. Saralasin infusion (5 microgram/kg/min) into salt-depleted normal rats induced a blood pressure effect similar to that of teprotide. When administered in addition to saralasin infusion, teprotide did not reduce blood pressure further in normal rats or in SHR. When blood pressure of normal rats was raised by angiotensin II infusion (200 ng/kg/min), teprotide did not affect the induced blood pressure increase. In contrast, the pressure rise induced by angiotensin I infusion (230 ng/kg/min) was reversed by saralasin, but again concomitant administration of teprotide did not induce further blood pressure reduction. Thus, under the particular conditions of the present study, teprotide did not appear to exert its hypotensive effect by any mechanism other than inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. Furthermore, given at a maximally effective dose to the rat, it produced no greater vasodepressor effect than did saralasin.

Angiotensin I↗
PubMed1975

[Value and limits of the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in postoperative evaluation of patients with colonic and rectal carcinomas].

An attempt is made to define the usefulness and limitations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) radioimmunoassay for evaluation of tumor resection and detection of tumor relapse in patients with large-bowel carcinoma. In 45 patients for whom complete tumor resection was reported, all but 5 showed a drop in CEA to normal values after surgery. The 5 patients whose CEA did not fall to below 5 ng/ml showed a subsequent rise in CEA level and later were all found to have a tumor relapse. The results indicate that an incomplete drop in circulating CEA level one month after surgery is a bad prognostic sign. Twenty-two of these patients were followed up by repeated CEA radioimmunoassay for several months after surgery; 8 showed a progressive increase in CEA levels preceding clinical diagnosis of tumor relapse by 2-10 months. The clinical history of these 8 patients is briefly described. The results demonstrate that relapses of colon and rectum carcinoma can be detected by increased CEA levels months before the appearance of any clinical evidence.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1974

Detection of recurrence of large-bowel carcinoma by radioimmunoassay of circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (C.E.A.).

The usefulness and limitations of the carcinoembryonic antigen (C.E.A.) radioimmunoassay for the evaluation of tumour resection and for the detection of tumour relapse were studied in patients with large-bowel carcinoma. The level of plasma-C.E.A. was determined before any treatment in a group of 101 patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. 71% of all patients and 63% of cases with localised tumour (Dukes A and B) had a preoperative C.E.A. value of 5 ng. per ml. or higher. This limit was reached by only 1 of 90 apparently healthy, non-smoking blood-donors. Among 45 patients for whom a complete tumour resection was reported, all patients except 5 showed a drop of C.E.A. to normal values after surgery. The 5 patients whose C.E.A. did not fall to below 5 ng. per ml. showed a subsequent rise in C.E.A. level and were all found later to have a tumour relapse. The results indicate that an incomplete drop of circulating C.E.A. level one month after surgery has a bad prognostic significance. 22 of these patients were followed up by repeated C.E.A. radioimmunoassay for several months after surgery. 8 showed a progressive increase in C.E.A. levels preceding clinical diagnosis of tumour relapse by two to ten months. 6 other patients showed a moderate increase in C.E.A. levels, suggesting a tumour relapse not yet clinically detectable. The remaining 8 patients showed no increase in C.E.A. level above 5 ng. per ml. and no clinical symptoms of relapse. The results demonstrate that relapses of colon and rectum carcinoma can be detected by increased C.E.A. levels months before the appearance of any clinical evidence.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1971

[Not Available].

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Botany↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medullary sponge kidney on axial computed tomography: comparison with excretory urography.

To evaluate features of medullary sponge kidney (MSK) on computed tomography (CT), 4-mm-thick axial slices without intravenous contrast material were first made in 13 patients through 24 kidneys which showed images of MSK on excretory urograms. On CT, papillary calcifications were found in eleven kidneys. In five of these kidneys, the calcifications were not detectable on plain films. Some hyperdense papillae (attenuation value 55-70 Hounsfield units) without calcification were found in four other kidneys. Nine kidneys appeared normal. Ten of these 24 kidneys were reexamined by a second series of 4-mm-thick axial slices, 5 min after intravenous injections of 50 ml of Urografin. Images suggesting possible ectasia of precaliceal tubules were found in only four kidneys. These images appear much less obvious and characteristic on CT than on excretory urogram and do nothing more than suggest the possibility of MSK. In conclusion, the sensitivity of CT in the detection of MSK is markedly lower than that of excretory urography. In the most florid cases of the disease, CT can only show images suggesting the possibility of MSK. On the other hand, CT appears much more sensitive than plain films and tomograms of excretory urography in the detection of papillary calcifications, the most frequent complication of MSK.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infrared analysis for determining macronutrients in human milk.

Infrared (IR) analysis is widely used for routine analysis of cow milk in dairies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision and accuracy of an IR analyzer (Milko-scan 104) for measuring protein, fat, carbohydrate, and, indirectly, the energy content of human milk. The results of the IR analysis were compared with those of the following reference methods: protein--Kjeldahl (nitrogen minus nonprotein nitrogen); fat--Roese Gottlieb; carbohydrate--lactose enzymatic assay; energy--bomb calorimetry. The precision (repeatability coefficient of variation) of the IR results was high for all four components: protein 0.4%, fat 1.0%, carbohydrate 0.2%, and energy 0.1%. There was a close linear covariation between IR results and reference results. [Protein content was determined with an error (SD) of 0.01 g/100 ml and fat with an error of 0.03 g/100 ml.] The covariation between IR carbohydrate results and the results of the lactose assay was poor, probably because the oligosaccharides in the milk were included in the results from the IR analysis and not in the results from the lactose assay. IR analysis is a valuable method in research, especially in epidemiological surveys, in which large numbers of samples are analyzed, and for continuous monitoring of the nutritional value of human milk in milk banking programs.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathogenesis of renal calculi].

The prevalence of nephrolithiasis (12% of the population) is directly related to environmental risk factors including nutrition. Correlations have been demonstrated between activity of renal stone disease and excessive protein intake or low fiber diets, and cause-and-effect relationships have been suggested between prevalence of the disease and low urine volume due to underhydration. Indeed eating too much meat and drinking too little can expose certain subjects, but not all, to nephrolithiasis. Why? Populations at risk include subjects with medullary sponge kidneys who represent 10% of the patients with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis and those with mild metabolic hyperoxaluria who cannot activate pyridoxin to 5' pyridoxal phosphate. Defective intestinal absorption of citrate and modifications in protein structures which inhibit urinary crystallization have also been observed. Clearly, many apparently normal subjects are overly susceptible to nephrolithiasis and the "explosion" would appear to be programmed if they are exposed to additional risk factors. Thus our theory of the powder keg and the tinderbox.

Cholelithiasis↗