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P J Pead

Publications and source records attributed to P J Pead.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Influence of cytokine and ICAM-1 gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to chronic pancreatitis.

AIMS: To test the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes (or their promoter regions) encoding cytokines, growth factors, and intercellular adhesion molecules modulate the risk of development of chronic pancreatitis (CP). METHODS: DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes or formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue from 53 patients with CP and 266 healthy controls. SNPs within the interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene promoter regions and the transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) genes were genotyped by the amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction or 5' nuclease (Taqman) techniques. Patient-control comparisons were made using 2 x 2 contingency tables and chi2 analyses. RESULTS: A non-significant decrease in the frequency of the IL-8 -251 AA genotype and a non-significant increase in the frequency of the ICAM-1 +469 GA genotype was seen in patients compared with controls. No associations were identified between SNPs in the promoter regions of the IL-1beta, IL-6, or TNFalpha proinflammatory cytokines genes or the TGFbeta1 and VEGF genes and susceptibility to CP. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study suggests that genetic polymorphism within several cytokine genes is unlikely to influence susceptibility to CP, but the possible role of IL-8 and ICAM-1 polymorphisms in the development of this disease requires further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Electron microscopic reporting of gastrointestinal viruses in the United Kingdom, 1985-1987.

We examined some epidemiological features of the viruses associated with gastrointestinal illness, using national data reported by electron microscopists in the United Kingdom. During the 3 years analyzed (1985-1987), a total of 1,993 positive detections of astroviruses, caliciviruses, coronaviruses, and small round structured viruses (SRSVs) were reported. In 1 year of this period, 8,210 rotaviruses were reported. More than 90% of the astroviruses and caliciviruses were detected in children under 5 years of age, while coronaviruses and SRSVs were detected in adults as well as children. Detections of astroviruses increased in the winter and were infrequent during the summer, a seasonal pattern similar to that observed for rotaviruses. There was some variability between reporting regions in rates of detection of fecal viruses. We have attempted to identify the reasons for this. We make suggestions for improving the detection of human fecal viruses, and we recognize the need for continued surveillance of these agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Interstitial cystitis and the urethral syndrome: a possible answer.

A study was made of 20 patients fulfilling the criteria customarily used for the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. A possible infective aetiology was sought by culture of bladder tissue, catheter and midstream specimens of urine, and urethral swabs by methods capable of detecting fastidious bacteria as well as aerobic pathogens. All bladder biopsies showed the histological appearances usually associated with interstitial cystitis, and bacteria were isolated from the catheter specimens and/or bladder biopsies of 12 patients. Eight of these isolates were fastidious bacteria, Gardnerella vaginalis (6) and Lactobacillus sp. (2). Fastidious bacteria were isolated from the midstream specimen of urine (MSU) and/or urethral swab of 6 other patients. The correlation of the histological and bacteriological findings supports the hypothesis of an infective aetiology and suggests that the so-called urethral syndrome and interstitial cystitis may be the earlier and later stages of the same disease process. The importance of early diagnosis of infection in these patients is emphasised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Immune responses to hepatitis B vaccination in hospital staff.

Hepatitis B vaccine (H. B. Vax), has been available for staff in the Portsmouth District Hospitals since 1983. Results from anti-HBs monitoring of recipients indicated high percentages of suboptimal responders and vaccine failures after three injections into the gluteal muscle. A single revaccination into the deltoid muscle boosted antibody status in suboptimal responders and should effect a more durable immunity in this situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of urine bag-changing regimens in elderly catheterised patients.

Daily and weekly bag-changing regimens were compared in 12 elderly catheterised patients with reference to their clinical condition, leakage or blockage of the catheters, and the bacteriological state of the urine. Latex Foley catheters were used for the first 3 months and silastic catheters for the second 3 months of study. All patients had bacteriuria throughout the study, and the average number of bacterial species isolated from each specimen was 3.8. There were no significant clinical or bacteriological differences between the patients on daily and those on weekly bag change. Although significantly more episodes of pyrexia were recorded during latex than during silastic catheterisation there was no correlation between these episodes and the bacteriological state of the urine. Of the 9 courses of antibacterial treatment given during the 6 months, 7 were for indications other than urinary tract infection. There were no episodes of acute pyelonephritis. There were 148 episodes of pyrexia unrelated to any clinical symptoms or signs. Only 2 were treated with antibiotics; the remainder subsided without treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Electron microscopy of Campylobacter jejuni.

Stools from 56 patients with gastroenteritis were cultured for Campylobacter jejuni. The five strains isolated were examined by electron microscopy. The campylobacter cells were pleomorphic and most displayed appearances similar to those of V. fetus. Morphological changes were observed in cultures subjected to prolonged incubation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1973

Estimation of virus-neutralizing antibody in microplates.

A simple and rapid method for the titration of virus-neutralizing antibody is described. The micro-apparatus and reagents are readily available from commercial sources. Results are included from selected cases which illustrate various conditions of immune status and response.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Genital herpes.

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Fibroblasts↗