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Biomedical subjects

P J Parquet

Publications and source records attributed to P J Parquet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Cyclic oro-alimentary disorders].

Eating behaviours have been changing in our society for at least twenty years. Thus, they represent a good indicator of the functioning of a society or a person. Beyond these recent sociocultural variations, recent clinical and research data, particularly in chronobiology, showed clearly the influence of hormonal or seasonal changes in our eating behaviours. Actually, we observed that an important proportion of these cyclic turmoils can fit into other phenomena and cyclic pathologies: premenstrual syndrome, seasonal affective disorders, bipolar disorders, binge eating.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1997

[Psychopathological disorders and coronary diseases].

The role of psychological factors in the genesis of coronary diseases has been considered for a long time. Friedman took it upon himself to describe a personality profile (pattern A) constituting a risk factor for coronary heart disease of which, however, the practical interest seems limited. The association of psychopathological conditions and coronary heart disease has on the other hand not been extensively studied. Recent epidemiological data show that anxiety and depressive states represent a high comorbidity with coronary heart diseases. Panic attacks remain underestimated; they seem to participate in a complex physiopathological mechanism along with ischemic coronary heart diseases. Recent studies have shown that the existence of a depressive illness during coronary heart disease and particularly in the time period following a myocardial infarction, constitutes an independent risk factor, thus increasing the mortality rate. The evolution of coronary heart disease seems greatly influenced by the existence of anxious or depressive states, the diagnosis and the treatment of these states represent a major interest towards a better management of coronary patients.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1997

[Eye disorders in children and adolescents].

PURPOSE: We tried to better characterize non organic ocular disorders in children and adolescents: particularly clinical, perimetric and electrophysiological features. METHODS: We performed a prospective study in 25 cases during a period of 16 months. RESULTS: Non organic ocular disorders were seen among young girls between 9 and 11 years, mostly with bilateral, symmetrical and rapid visual loss. The symptoms were variable in time and responded favorably to suggestion. The ocular examination was normal. Visual field was abnormal in 52% of cases and very often showed a spiral (or snail) picture or a tubular constriction. 7' pattern visual evoked potentials were present in 88% of cases. The acuity was 20/20 in 92% of cases after the consultation and 100% later. CONCLUSION: The ophthalmic and electrophysiologic examination confirmed our diagnosis and eliminated more severe pathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Is DSM IV of value in training of psychiatrists?].

Acquiring the skill to be a psychiatrist requires learning in three fields: academic, clinical and research. Academic training includes various kinds of objectives which are analysed and to which the DSM IV provides only an imperfect response. Clinical training which shapes clinical practice, requires the organization of knowledge: the DSM IV, in so far as it analyses and classifies data is a useful tool, but the utility is limited since the DSM IV is inherently biased towards a psychiatric view of illness. The utility of the DSM IV is analysed for research training, particularly with the triple goal of preparing for the manipulation of knowledge, for practical care, and for the transmission of knowledge.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1994

Bone marrow hypoplasia in anorexia nervosa: a case report.

If hematological abnormalities appear to be a common feature of severe anorexia nervosa, on the other hand bone marrow hypoplasia seems to be comparatively rare. We recently encountered a patient with anorexia nervosa who demonstrated a hypoplastic bone marrow associated with gelatinous transformation. These abnormalities were rapidly reversible with intensive nutritional rehabilitation. Bone marrow hypoplasia and gelatinous transformation are discussed in relation to current concepts of the role of nutrition in hematopoiesis in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Early life events and panic disorder: course of illness and comorbidity.

1. Some reports have suggested that there may be a link between the experience of traumatic life events in childhood and adolescence and the development of panic disorder in adults. In addition early loss event also seems increase depressive risk by a factor about two to three. 2. The authors wondered whether panic patients who experienced a traumatic life event would have a higher prevalence of subsequent major depressive episode than panic patients without history of depression. 3. One hundred fifty seven patients with panic disorder according DSM III-R criteria are included in this study. Fifty three (33.7%) had experienced a major loss or separation before the age of 15 years. 4. The panic group with early life events showed a significantly higher life time prevalence of major depression than the panic group who did not experience early life events.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Prevalence of hepatitis C, B and D markers and histopathological aspects in a group of intravenous drug addicts].

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of infection by HCV, HBV, HDV and HIV and their biological and histopathological patterns in 104 intravenous drug users. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-five patients (72%) had anti-HCV antibodies. Transmission was rapid because 33% of those who had been drug users for 6 months or less had anti-HCV antibodies. The contamination rate was very high because 90% of those who had been drug users for 2 years or less had anti-HCV antibodies. Thirty-four (33%) had an HBV marker, and 6 were HBs Ag carriers. None of the patients had anti-HDV antibodies. Only one patient had anti-HIV antibodies. Twenty-five anti-HCV antibody positive drug users underwent liver biopsy. Seven (28%) had normal ALAT levels and 18 (72%) had permanently or intermittently elevated ALAT levels. The mean histological activity on the Knodell index was 4.1 (range: 1-8). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that contamination by HCV is almost inevitable after 2 years of intravenous drug use. The low prevalence of HBV, HDV, and HIV infection might be explained by a low endemic state of these viruses in our area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Platelet serotonin levels in alcoholic patients: changes related to physiological and pathological factors.

This study investigated platelet serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) levels and the effects of different physiological and pathological factors in 108 alcoholic patients (alcohol abuse, n = 49; alcohol dependence, n = 59) and 32 healthy control subjects. Platelet 5-HT levels were determined by a fluorescent-ortho-phthalaldehyde assay. In patients, platelet 5-HT levels during withdrawal from alcohol and after 2 weeks of abstinence were significantly lower than in control subjects. Among patients, this decrease was enhanced both in alcohol-dependent patients and in patients who were depressed during the withdrawal phase, whereas lifetime impulse control disorders (mostly found in alcohol abusers) were associated with comparatively high platelet 5-HT levels (i.e., close to control subjects' values). These results, which reflect the likely biphasic effect of alcohol ingestion upon 5-HT functioning, are consistent with the dimensional 5-HT hypothesis in psychiatric disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Children and alcohol. A study in the school milieu].

Epidemiologic studies have consistently found that use of alcohol is increasing among teenagers and that children who have their first drink before the age of ten years are at increased risk for alcohol use during adolescence. In this study, a questionnaire was completed by 351 children (185 boys and 166 girls) aged 7 to 11 years in eight different schools in the Lille area (northern France). Most respondents (70.8%) reported previous experience with alcoholic beverages. Regular use of alcohol was reported by 8.7% of respondents and at least one episode of acute over-drinking by 23.6%. Attitudes towards alcohol and reasons for alcohol use varied across age groups. Use of alcohol produced guilt in the youngest children but was viewed as normal in the older age groups. Although some awareness of alcohol-related hazards was found, misconceptions were common. Use of alcohol was related to age and awareness: among the younger children, the level of awareness was significantly higher in regular users than in non-users, whereas the opposite was true in the older respondents. A positive correlation was found between current alcohol use and the children's predictions of future use. These data highlight the value of epidemiologic surveys for developing strategies aimed at preventing alcohol use in youngsters.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1992

Effects of beta-blocking drugs in alcohol withdrawal: a double-blind comparative study with propranolol and diazepam.

Alcohol withdrawal is associated with a decrease in gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmission. This explains the efficacy of benzodiazepines. However, an increase in adrenergic activity may also play a part in alcohol withdrawal symptoms, suggesting a potential efficacy of beta-blocking drugs. A double-blind comparative study of propranolol and diazepam was carried out in 28 patients suffering from moderate uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal. Patients were treated for 15 days with either 75 mg of propranolol or 30 mg of diazepam. The results show that both drugs at the dosages used are equipotent in reducing physical withdrawal symptoms and anxiety symptoms. This suggests that most likely the central as well as the peripheral effects determine the clinical usefulness of propranolol in the management of alcohol withdrawal. However, propranolol is ineffective in preventing major motor seizures, suggesting that different neurobiological mechanisms underlie the alcohol withdrawal symptoms.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

Platelet serotonin decrease in alcoholic patients.

This study investigated the platelet 5-HT levels and their changes according to different physiological and pathological factors in 30 young alcoholic patients (16 alcohol abusers and 14 alcohol-dependent subjects) and 26 healthy controls. Platelet 5-HT levels were determined by a fluorescent-ortho-phthalaldehyde assay. The mean platelet 5-HT levels obtained in patients during withdrawal and after 2 weeks of abstinence were significantly lower than in controls. Presence of positive history of impulse control disorders (ICD) influenced the mean platelet 5-HT levels in patients. These preliminary results suggest that the platelet 5-HT level decrease observed in alcohol-dependent patients mostly free from ICD and in alcohol abusers mostly affected by ICD might result from comparable neurobiological mechanisms. However, the age of onset of alcohol dependence might depend on psychological functioning features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus, delta agent and human immunodeficiency virus infections in drug addicts.

Infections with the hepatitis B (HBV) and delta (HDV) viruses and with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are very common among intravenous drug addicts. The serum of 80 percent of drug addicts contains one of the HBV markers, and 15 percent of them carry an anti-D antibody. Infections with the hepatitis A and non A-non B viruses are also very common among drug abusers. Some of them may harbour several of these pathogens. This can explain the frequency of liver disease (biological anomalies and histological lesions) observed in drug addicts, as does alcohol consumption associated with drug abuse. Fifty to 60 per cent of intravenous drug addicts are seropositive for HIV. This prevalence varies across studies and countries. The high prevalence of infection by HIV in drug addicts may be explained by the use of a shared syringe. This prevalence exposes drug addicts to an increase in AIDS cases in the near future. The high prevalence of infections by HBV, HDV and HIV in drug addicts represents a risk factor for the spread of HBV, HDV and HIV infections among the general population. Preventing the rapid spread of these viruses among drug addicts is of utmost importance for the future.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Adrenocorticotropin and cortisol responses to ovine corticotropin-releasing factor in alcohol dependence disorder. Preliminary report.

A 100-micrograms bolus of synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor was administered intravenously to 10 nondepressed inpatients suffering from an alcohol dependence disorder. The test was performed during withdrawal and after 4 weeks of abstinence. During withdrawal, the plasma cortisol responses of alcoholic patients and 7 control subjects were similar, except for an earlier decrease of cortisol in the former group. However, after 4 weeks of abstinence, the cortisol response was significantly lower in alcoholic patients than in controls. These abnormalities observed during discontinuance of alcohol consumption may reflect adaptive mechanisms of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity which may be previously altered by chronic alcohol intoxication.

Adrenal Cortex↗