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Biomedical subjects

P J Mehta

Publications and source records attributed to P J Mehta.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of obesity and weight reduction in hypertension.

Obesity is known to be associated with diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia in the majority of the patients. There could be inaccuracy in measuring the blood pressure in obesity, therefore a cuff of sufficient size is important in blood pressure measurement. All parameters of obesity have been found to have a correlation with hypertension and it has been suggested that change in weight would cause a change in blood pressure. A weight reduction of 12 kg results in a blood pressure fall of 21/13 mm Hg. Such changes in blood pressures have been noted in untreated hypertensives. A few studies have negated the role of change in weight to have any influence on hypertension. Obesity causes a higher cardiac output and higher blood volume leading to hypertension. There may be increased intracellular sodium and reduced sodium-potassium-ATPase activity in obesity which causes increased sodium loading in hypertension. Abnormalities related to the insulin-carbohydrate metabolism and the renin-angiotensin aldosteron system have also been demonstrated in obese patients. Weight reduction also causes reduced dietary salt intake and diminished sympathetic activity. The benefits of weight reduction appear to be directly related to the amount of weight lost.

Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed1990

Study of iatrogenic thrombophlebitis.

This is an analysis of 42 adult patients with 97 episodes of thrombophlebitis following 167 venepunctures. Almost all commonly used fluids had contributed to the development of thrombophlebitis. The observations showed significantly higher chances of development of thrombophlebitis with the quantity of fluids more than 2500 ml. (chi 2 = 15.50, P less than 0.001), autoclaved containers (chi 2 = 5.5, P less than 0.05) use of rubber tubing for infusion set (chi 2 = 4.7, P less than 0.05) and infusion rate more than 20 drops per minute (chi 2 = 15.25. P less than 0.001). Average time interval between beginning of IV infusion and development of thrombophlebitis was found to be 18 hours and average extent of thrombophlebitis was 7 cm. The commonest micro-organism isolated from needles was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Magnesium metabolism in essential hypertension.

Hypertension is a complex, heterogeneous disorder of which the exact etiology is unknown. The difficulty in ascribing an independent role to a single dietary constituent in blood pressure regulation may be due to interactions among nutrients which influence blood pressure. The effect of any one nutrient, particularly magnesium, on hypertension should be considered within the context of overall nutrition in each patient. Clinical, experimental and epidemiologic studies support the role of magnesium in hypertension, whereas a few studies negate this role. Magnesium ions are important in arterial smooth muscle contraction. Since magnesium is found mainly at the inner surface of the cell membranes, it could play a role in cell membrane permeability for sodium and calcium which is important in the etiopathogenesis of hypertension. Magnesium deficiency can predispose to increased contractility of the arteries and its excess can modulate smooth muscle contractility caused by bradykinin, angiotensin II, serotonin, prostaglandins and catecholamines. Magnesium therapy can prevent the development of resistant hypertension and arrhythmias in hypertensives with diuretic-induced hypomagnesemia. It might also reduce blood pressure at least up to 10/5 mm Hg provided adequate magnesium salts are given for an adequate period of time. In view of the still ill defined role of magnesium in hypertension, magnesium supplementation is advised only to those hypertensives who are receiving diuretics and develop resistant hypertension or who have frank magnesium deficiency. A diet rich in magnesium may be used for prevention of hypertension in predisposed communities because of the other advantages of such a diet in prevention.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Primary plasma cell leukaemia.

A rare form of plasma cell dyscrasia, primary plasma cell leukemia is presented. The clinical picture resembled an acute leukaemia with a fulminant course and a rapidly fatal outcome.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Does calcium aggravate and cause hypertension?

Albert Szent-Gyorgyi around 30 years ago proposed that "ions were the powerful tools of life as it developed in oceans". The purpose of this fundamental concept was to divert the attention of investigators towards the basic role of cations such as Na, K, Ca and Mg in muscle contraction. There is now sufficient evidence to support this prediction. Until recently the strongest evidence pointed to a positive relationship between raised Ca and blood pressure. More recent evidence claimed that increased dietary Ca can lower blood pressure and populations taking lowered dietary Ca, have a higher incidence of hypertension. It has been suggested that in susceptible persons, in the presence of high Na intake, Ca accumulation in the arterial cell becomes rapid due to impaired Na-Ca exchange causing an early rise in blood pressure. This is possibly due to abnormal handling of Ca by the smooth muscle cells in most forms of hypertension. Clinical experimental and epidemiologic studies showed that Ca not only mediates arterial smooth muscle contraction but excess of Ca can also cause an increase in peripheral vascular resistance leading to essential hypertension. Ca entry blockers such as verapamil and nifedipine which reduce the influx of Ca into the arterial smooth muscle cell have been successfully used in the management of these patients. The effect of Ca on blood pressure could be independent of other factors. Recent studies strongly favour a significant relationship between raised serum Ca and high blood pressure. Such a relationship has also been described between dietary Ca, 24 urinary Ca and high blood pressure. A large number of studies, particularly from the USA, contradicting the above view, suggest that the rate of Ca flux rather than the absolute quantity that enters the cell, is the deciding factor in arterial smooth muscle contraction. These investigators in the last 6 years have studied a large area of north America and suggested that Ca deficiency rather than an excess is the cause of hypertension. Persons consuming less than 300 mg Ca per day have 11-14% risk of developing hypertension compared to person taking 1200 mg per day of dietary Ca and exposed to only 3-6% risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

AIDS--the Indian scene.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗