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P J McCahy

Publications and source records attributed to P J McCahy.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Insulin-like growth factor II and androgen receptor expression in the prostate.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II on androgen receptor (AR) expression in prostate tissue, as IGFs may be important in re-activating androgen-regulated genes in advanced prostate cancer because they can trans-activate the AR in the absence of ligand. Materials and methods Primary BPH stromal cells, LNCaP and U2OS cells were grown in full medium, medium devoid of growth factors and devoid medium supplemented with IGF-II. The relationship between IGF-II and AR expression was then investigated using the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the effects of anti-androgens on IGF-II expression assessed using northern blot analysis. RESULTS: IGF-II had no effect in benign tissue, but the AR expression doubled in LNCaP and U2OS cells after culture with IGF-II. Androgens had a minimal effect on IGF-II mRNA levels, but anti-androgens reduced IGF-II mRNA levels by more than half. CONCLUSION: These findings support the idea of a complementary paracrine (IGF) and autocrine (androgen) growth loop in prostate tissue. The study suggests that IGF-II has a role in regulating AR expression in prostate cancer cells, and that the action of anti-androgens is mediated partly by an ability to suppress IGF-II expression.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1997

The accuracy of recording of occupational history in patients with bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine how accurately information on the occupations of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCC) was recorded. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using a semi-structured interview and a standard proforma, 108 patients with TCC of the urinary tract were studied and the results compared with records in their case notes. RESULTS: Case notes were substantially correct in only 39% of patients. Occupations that might have been a significant factor in the aetiology of TCC were omitted in 71% of potentially exposed male patients and no occupational history was recorded in 12% of all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Important clinical information was missing from the case notes that might have been of practical use in determining whether patients might be eligible for financial redress and which might be of use in future clinical research. It is recommended that details of occupational history should be taken using a structured proforma; this could be a suitable topic for regular audit.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1996

Breast and prostate cancer in the relatives of men with prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer in the families of men with prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-control study was performed by interviewing patients with prostate cancer and obtaining detailed information on family histories of cancer. Controls were hospital-based patients, of a similar age to the cases, with bladder cancer or benign prostatic hypertrophy. RESULTS: A total of 209 cases and 322 controls were interviewed; of the cases, 22.5% had family members with a history of one or more of breast, ovarian or prostate cancers, compared with 15.2% of controls (P < 0.05). The odds ratio (OR) of having prostate cancer when there was a positive family history was 8.22 and the OR of a female relative of a patient with prostate cancer having breast cancer was 1.51. There was no apparent increased risk of ovarian or any other cancer. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm previous reports of an increased incidence of prostate cancer in the families of men with prostate cancer and report a similarly increased incidence of breast cancer in female relatives. We suggest that detailed family histories be taken routinely and intend to analyse blood samples provided from this study for genetic abnormalities.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1995

Prolonged bladder distension: experience in the treatment of detrusor overactivity and interstitial cystitis.

Prolonged bladder distension continues to be recommended for the treatment of detrusor instability and other bladder conditions. We have reviewed our experience of the technique. A total of 45 patients have undergone 50 procedures. Only 1 of 29 patients with detrusor instability had sustained improvement. 6 of 7 patients with interstitial cystitis noted improvement, sustained in 3. All the other patients noted some improvement. There was a 20% complication rate. 33 (75%) of the living patients returned questionnaires with 27% feeling that the operation was worthwhile. We feel that prolonged distension of the bladder is unhelpful in the treatment of patients with detrusor instability. Its place in the management of patients with interstitial cystitis and irritative symptoms remains controversial. The place of simple bladder distension should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A crowded ureter.

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Foreign-Body Migration↗