Specific effects of sedative/hypnotic drugs in the treatment of incapacitating chronic insomnia.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
P J Hauri
Publications and source records attributed to P J Hauri.
Insomnia in cancer patients.
This is a preliminary report of the sleep architecture in patients receiving radiation for unresectable lung cancer. One group of nine patients said they were good sleepers and a second group of five said they were poor sleepers. All fourteen patients slept for three consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory. No differences were found in the group means for sleep latency, REM latency or percentage of time spent in Stage I vs Stage II sleep. The cancer patient's perception of whether they slept well or poorly related solely and significantly to the amount of delta sleep. This stage of postulated anabolic and restorative sleep may be more critical for the cancer patient than for others. If substantiated, this can be an important issue in prescribing hypnotics. This quality of life issue for cancer patients deserves further study.
Child, Preschool↗
Nocturnal enuresis in children with upper airway obstruction.
This article reviews 35 children between the ages of 3 1/2 and 11 years who have had symptoms of upper airway obstruction and enuresis. Twenty-eight patients had primary enuresis, and 7 had secondary enuresis. Removal of upper airway obstruction by surgical intervention led to a significant decrease or complete cure of nocturnal enuresis in 26 patients. Four children were studied with polysomnographic tracings in relationship to their enuresis.
Adenoidectomy↗
Sleep disruption with basal forebrain lesions decreases latency to amygdala kindling in cats.
Sleep deprivation enhances seizure susceptibility in experimental and human epilepsies. Because sleep abnormalities are also common in these populations, a possible explanation for this close association is that sleep deprivation activates seizures by enhancing existing sleep disturbances. The present experiment examined this hypothesis by comparing sleep-waking state percentages and the number of after-discharge-eliciting stimulations required to induce generalized tonic-clonic convulsions with the amygdala kindling model of epilepsy in 3 groups of cats (n = 5 each). One group consisted of experimental subjects who received bilateral lesions of the basal forebrain, a preoptic area long implicated in the generation of normal sleep state characteristics. A second group sustained unilateral lesions of the basal forebrain area. Since only bilateral destruction of this region produces sleep-waking cycle abnormalities, this group provided a lesion control. Finally, a third group had no lesion and provided a control which allowed normative assessment of sleep state patterns and seizure susceptibility in otherwise unmanipulated cats. The results were: cats without lesions showed a parallel development of seizure and sleep disorders, the latter indexed by progressive SWS and REM sleep deficits; cats with unilateral lesions showed identical trends in the development of sleep and seizure anomalies; and cats with bilateral lesions of basal forebrain displayed similar but more severe sleep disturbances than those evidenced by control subjects and also required fewer after-discharge stimulations to establish kindled convulsions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Amygdala↗
A cluster analysis of insomnia.
Data from three consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory and data from psychological questionnaires and interviews were cluster-analyzed. A total of 89 physician-referred insomniacs were included, together with 10 good sleepers. The goal was to develop a purely empirical classification scheme of insomnia and to compare it with the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers' current nosology, which is based on clinical experience. The categories of chronic psychophysiologic insomnia and of childhood-onset insomnia were clearly identified in the cluster analysis. The insomnias associated with psychiatric disorders were split into five subgroups that made some intuitive sense, but did not mesh exactly with DSM III (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 3rd edition, American Psychiatric Association) categories.
Adult↗
The treatment of psychophysiologic insomnia with biofeedback: a replication study.
To replicate a previous study, 16 psychophysiological insomniacs were randomly assigned to either Theta feedback or sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) feedback. Evaluations by home sleep logs and by 3 nights in the laboratory were done before biofeedback, immediately after biofeedback, and 9 months later. Results from this study replicate previous findings. Both Theta and SMR feedback seemed effective treatments of insomnia according to home sleep logs. According to evaluations at the sleep laboratory, tense and anxious insomniacs benefited only from Theta feedback but not from SMR feedback, while those who were relaxed at intake but still could not sleep benefited only from SMR but not from Theta feedback.
Anxiety↗
Effectiveness of a sleep disorders center: a 9-month follow-up.
To assess the usefulness of a sleep disorders center the authors sent follow-up questionnaires to patients and referring physicians 9 months after each diagnostic evaluation. Findings suggest that sleep disorders centers provide a useful diagnostic service, especially for patients suffering from excessive daytime sleepiness. This problem usually has a medical etiology, and sleep laboratory evaluations seemed crucial for about two-thirds of all such patients. Insomnia was more likely to involve behavioral/psychological factors; about 30% of the patients with long-term, serious insomnia seemed to benefit markedly from the sleep center evaluation.
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence↗
Effects of 24-hr nicotine replacement on sleep and daytime activity during smoking cessation.
BACKGROUND: This study uses wrist actigrapy to assess the effects of 24-hr transdermal nicotine replacement on the sleep and daytime activity of smokers during smoking cessation. METHODS: Seventy-one subjects grouped as light (n = 23), moderate (n = 24), or heavy (n = 24) smokers were randomly assigned to placebo or 11, 22, or 44 mg/day doses of transdermal nicotine for 1 week of intensive inpatient treatment of nicotine dependence. Outpatient patch therapy continued for 7 weeks following the inpatient stay. Those initially on placebo were randomly assigned to 11 or 22 mg/day, and those initially on 44 mg/day were reduced to 22 mg/day at Week 4. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in daytime wrist activity during patch therapy and the 1st week off patch therapy. These changes in daytime wrist activity were positively correlated with percentage of nicotine and cotinine replacement. No changes from baseline in sleep (sleep efficiency or wrist activity) were detected, nor were there differences in sleep among the four patch doses. CONCLUSIONS: Using wrist actigraphy, this study failed to show any disturbing effects of 24-hr high-dose nicotine replacement on sleep. Lower levels of nicotine replacement were associated with a decrease from baseline in daytime wrist activity.
Administration, Cutaneous↗