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Biomedical subjects

P J Bryan

Publications and source records attributed to P J Bryan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava: demonstration by NMR imaging.

Azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava was diagnosed by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in a patient with a right tracheobronchial angle mass. The characteristic findings included a dilated azygos vein and absence of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava. Advantages of MR imaging in evaluation of anomalies of the cava are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast. Work in progress.

Ten normal volunteers and 45 patients with breast abnormalities were examined with magnetic resonance (MR), utilizing a 0.3-tesla superconducting magnet. In all patients, MR detected an abnormality that corresponded to the area of pathology seen on either a mammogram or computed tomographic (CT) scan. An appreciable advantage of MR over mammography was observed in patients with cysts and in those with areas of asymmetric dysplastic breast tissue. Abnormalities on MR images appeared as areas of low signal intensity relative to adjacent normal ductal and fatty tissue. The configuration of a lesion on MR permitted distinction between a benign and a malignant process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Secondary infection of an endometrioma following fine-needle aspiration.

A Clostridium infection occurred in an endometrioma following fine-needle aspiration. Fine-needle aspirations are clinically useful and safe. The authors conclude, however, that this procedure may rarely result in a secondary infection. Specific recommendations to avoid such complications are stated.

Abscess↗
PubMed1984

CT-guided liver biopsies: eight years' experience. Work in progress.

In the past eight years 180 patients with liver abnormalities demonstrated on computed tomography (CT) underwent CT-guided biopsies with 22-guage Madayag, 14-gauge Travenol, or 18-gauge Menghini needles used singly or in combination. Cytologic and pathologic results were tabulated and correlated with the subsequent surgical or autopsy findings and with clinical follow-up ranging from three months to three years. Complications of the procedures were also recorded. It is concluded that cutting needle biopsies provide a higher yield of diagnostic tissue compared with aspiration biopsies (89.9% versus 65%) without a significant increase in complications (1.44% versus 0.83%). The techniques utilized, risk of complications, and the indications for biopsy are discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

Magnetic resonance imaging of the abnormal female pelvis.

Twenty-three women with 27 instances of pelvic pathology were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Different pulse sequences were used, which varied the dependence of the images on T1 and T2. Sonography was performed on 22 of the 23 patients. Five patients had CT examinations, including the patient who did not have sonography. MRI was also done in four normal volunteers. The spatial resolution of the MRI scans with short TR and TE intervals approached that of CT. There was overlap of MRI signal characteristics between various pathologic entities and also within the same entity (e.g., cystadenomas and endometriomas).

Appendicitis↗
PubMed1984

Respiratory movement of the pancreas: an ultrasonic study.

Respiratory movement of the pancreas was documented ultrasonically in 36 normal patients and volunteers. Pancreatic excursion from full inspiration to full expiration was measured in the plane of the superior mesenteric artery in supine, prone, and decubitus positions. Excursions ranged from 0 to 3.5 cm. The average respiratory excursion was 1.8 cm in the supine position, 1.9 cm when prone, and 2.2 cm in the lateral decubitus position. Such respiratory movement of the pancreas has obvious implications both for static B-mode ultrasound scanning and for CT scanning.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a very promising modality for evaluation of the pelvis. Its major role appears likely to be the staging of known malignancies. In this article, the appearance of normal pelvic anatomy on MR scans is presented, as well as a discussion of the use of MRI in the detection and evaluation of pathologic conditions and a comparison of MRI with CT.

Abscess↗
PubMed1983

Initial experience with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of the human breast.

Two patients with breast abnormalities, one malignant and one benign, were studied with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging utilizing a cryogenic superconducting magnet. Three-dimensional NMR images were obtained in one case and single slice planar images were obtained in the other. The NMR images correlated well with the corresponding mammograms. Although both conditions exhibited a different signal intensity for the area of abnormality compared to adjacent ductal and fatty tissue, the configuration of the abnormal areas allowed distinction between benign and malignant process.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Clinical comparison of small-and large-caliber cutting needles for biopsy.

A 22 gauge "skinny core" (Madayag) biopsy needle, an 18 gauge Menghini needle, and a 14 gauge Tru-cut needle were compared in 51 patients. The Madayag needle was found to have a high recovery rate and provided adequate histological information in a large percentage of cases. However, the larger needles more consistently demonstrated a higher recovery rate and diagnostic specimen than the Madayag needle. The authors recommend that the radiologist become familiar with all three types of needles to facilitate selection of the proper instrument in each case.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1983

NMR evaluation of hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.

Eighteen patients with hilar or mediastinal masses demonstrated at CT were selected for examination by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Only regions identified as abnormal on CT scans were scanned by NMR. All patients had histologically proved disease or characteristic findings on the CT scan. The NMR images of two patients were uninterpretable, but all other images clearly distinguished masses from either blood vessels or normal mediastinal tissues without the use of contrast medium. In four cases NMR showed a greater extent of disease than did CT. NMR is a promising modality for visualizing hilar and mediastinal masses.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1983

NMR scanning of the pelvis: initial experience with a 0.3 T system.

Pelvic NMR scans were obtained on 29 patients using a 0.3 T superconducting magnet system. Pathologies studied included four bladder carcinomas, four prostatic carcinomas, four ovarian dermoid cysts, three ovarian cysts, three endometrial carcinomas, two endometriomas, and one each of serous cystadenoma of the ovary, benign prostatic hypertrophy, pelvic hematoma, and undifferentiated sarcoma. NMR is a very promising method for characterizing pelvic masses and in staging pelvic malignancies. It can show primary tumors of the prostate, bladder, and uterus and reveals tumor extension into pelvic fat. The pelvis is particularly well suited to NMR scanning because of the abundant natural contrast provided by pelvic fat and by urine in the bladder and gas in the bowel. There is also less motion blurring than in the upper abdomen and chest because there is relatively little respiratory motion of pelvic organs. Various pulse sequences were used in scanning the pelvis; their relative merits are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the mediastinum and hili: early impressions of its efficacy.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scans of the mediastinum and/or hili were obtained in 22 of 25 patients selected on the basis of an abnormal CT scan. All patients had proven disease; 19 malignant and four benign processes were studied successfully. The high contrast resolution of NMR in the mediastinum allowed clear definition of disease in all cases. In six, NMR showed a greater extent of disease than CT. The ability of NMR to perform sagittal and coronal images also aided in disease analysis. In this preliminary study, NMR proved to be as useful as CT, or more so, in the evaluation of malignant disease of the hili and mediastinum.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Preliminary experimental results in humans and animals with a superconducting, whole-body, nuclear magnetic resonance scanner.

In order to determine the clinical usefulness of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging, the investigators examined a variety of normal volunteers, patients with neoplastic lesions, and experimental animals. Preliminary results were obtained with the use of potential contrast agents. It was found that imaging applications of NMR in the vascular system, spine, brain, lung, and mediastinum offer certain advantages over other modalities. The absence of biological hazard as well as the ability to obtain unenhanced, noninvasive, gated images of the vascular system, as demonstrated in this study, make NMR particularly attractive. In addition to single-section capability, NMR makes it possible to obtain volume images of the spine and other organs which can be displayed in any desired plane or section thickness.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The effect of mAs variation upon computed tomography image quality as evaluated by in vivo and in vitro studies.

The effect of different mAs settings on computed tomobraphy (CT) image quality was evaluated by a clinical study and phantom studies. In the clinical portion of this study, a number of CT images, obtained at various mAs settings, were reviewed by experienced CT interpreters. From these same images, graphs were charted of the root-mean-standard deviation (RMSD) vs. body size; there appeared to be a linear relationship between noise, as measured by RMSD, and body size. A performance phantom was used to evaluate the effect of the different mAs settings on resolution. There was some loss in low contrast resolution at 6 and 20 mAs; however, the resolution was identical at 40 and 100 mAs.

Humans↗