[Acute abdomen caused by intraperitoneal bladder rupture].
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Abdomen, Acute↗
Biomedical subjects
P Iversen
Publications and source records attributed to P Iversen.
Bacterial adherence to urothelium following bladder irrigation in the rat.
We investigated the effects of bladder irrigation with various irrigation fluids at various temperatures and irrigation pressures on the adherence of 3H-labeled Escherichia coli O6 to bladder urothelium in a rat model. Sixty-four control and 108 experimental animals were studied. The latter were divided into five groups according to type of irrigation fluid (glycine 1.5%, sorbitol 2.7%, mannitol 0.54%, and H2O), fluid temperature, and intravesical pressure during irrigation. Only rats undergoing high pressure (60 cm H2O) bladder irrigation demonstrated significant increases in bacterial adherence compared to controls. No differences were found with the different irrigation fluids. This study suggests that high intravesical pressure during transurethral surgery might enhance bacterial adherence to urothelium and thereby increase the risk of manifest infection in the postoperative course.
Animals↗
Value of postvoid residual urine determination in evaluation of prostatism.
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Adult↗
Tetroxoprim-sulphadiazine distribution in canine prostate.
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Animals↗
Trimethoprim, metioprim, tetroxoprim, and RO 10-5970 in canine bone.
The penetration of trimethoprim and three derivatives into bone tissue was investigated in a dog model. Our data demonstrated that the trimethoprim derivative RO 10-5970 concentrates well in bone tissue with median tissue-to-serum concentration ratios of 0.23 in cortical bone and 0.81 in both medulla and cancellous bone. The use of RO 10-5970 in osseous infections is appealing because oral administration is possible; therefore, clinical trials appear warranted.
Animals↗
Short-term cephalosporin prophylaxis in transurethral surgery.
The effects of three short-term prophylactic cephalosporin regimens were compared in a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. One hundred sixteen men, with sterile urine preoperatively, underwent transurethral surgery (resection of the prostate or bladder neck, 73; resection or fulguration of bladder tumors, 38; or internal urethrotomy, 5). One group received 1 gm of cefotaxime parenterally 30 to 90 minutes preoperatively, every 60 to 90 minutes during surgery, and immediately postoperatively. In the other two groups, 1 gm of cefotaxime or cefazolin was administered according to the regimen used in the first group and also every eight hours for 24 hours postoperatively. All three prophylactic regimens significantly lowered the incidence of infection three and five to seven days postoperatively, the incidence being approximately 5% as compared with an incidence of about 40% found in an earlier study in which a placebo was used. The results with the three regimens were not significantly different. Our data showed that to prevent postoperative urinary tract infection, prophylactic antibiotics need only be administered immediately perioperatively in uninfected patients who undergo transurethral surgery; longer prophylaxis is unnecessary.
Aged↗
Metioprim-sulphadiazine distribution in the canine prostate.
Constant infusion experiments with metioprim and sulphadiazine were performed in four anesthesized dogs to determine the drugs' concentrations in prostatic secretion, prostatic interstitial fluid, prostatic tissue, urine, and serum. Metioprim showed a specific affinity for the prostate gland, whereas sulphadiazine, as expected, demonstrated lower values in prostatic secretion and tissue than in serum. The prostatic secretion:serum and prostatic tissue:serum ratios using a high-pressure liquid chromatography assay of metioprim were 7.3 and 4.0, respectively. Furthermore, metioprim showed 3.6 to 5.7 times higher concentrations in the organs of the urogenital system, liver, lung, and pancreas than in serum. We suggest that metioprim may be useful in the treatment of bacterial prostatis, considering its spectrum of antibacterial activity and the data presented in this study.
Animals↗
Cefotaxime and cefazolin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections: a comparative study.
The efficacy of two dosages of cefotaxime (500 mg versus 1,000 mg) administered intramuscularly every eight hours was compared in two groups of patients with complicated urinary tract infections. No significant difference was found between the two groups. In a randomized study, a group of patients treated with 500 mg cefotaxime intramuscularly every eight hours was compared with a group of patients treated with 1,000 mg cefazolin intramuscularly every eight hours. All patients had complicated urinary tract infections and were comparable in age and underlying urologic disorders. Both drugs were well tolerated. Cure of the urinary tract infection, defined as a negative culture five to nine days after treatment, was obtained in 71% of the cefotaxime group and 60% of the cefazolin group. There was no statistical difference between these results. This study demonstrated that cefotaxime is safe and useful in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
Adult↗
Complicated urinary tract infections treated with cefuroxime or cefazolin: a comparative study.
In a prospective, randomized study, 58 men with complicated urinary tract infections were divided into two groups and treated intramuscularly with either cefuroxime (0.75 gm) or cefazolin (1 gm) every eight hours for five to ten days. Both groups were comparable in age, weight, and underlying disease of the urinary tract. Patients with creatinine clearance below 25 ml/min were excluded from the study. All infecting microorganisms were sensitive to both drugs, as determined by disk sensitivity testing. One day after treatment, 97% of the urine cultures were negative in both the cefuroxime and cefazolin groups. One week after treatment, 62% and 63% of the cultures were negative in the two groups, respectively. Thus no differences were found in the therapeutic effects of the two drugs. No significant differences were observed in the complete blood count or chemistry evaluations carried out before and after treatment in both groups, nor were any allergic reactions encountered. We concluded that cefuroxime and cefazolin are equally effective and safe in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.
Adult↗
Bladder neuropathy in lumbar disc disease.
Disturbances of bladder, function often occur in cases of sciatica due to intervertebral disc lesions, although other clinical signs of sacral root compression are absent. In 32 patients, operated upon because of lumbar disc diseases without cauda equina syndrome, micturition symptoms were registered, and bladder function was investigated. Intravesical pressure/volume relations (water cystometry) and simultaneous intravesical pressure/urinary flow relations (urodynamic examination) were recorded preoperatively together with anal sphincter surface EMG. In almost half of the patients cystometry revealed bladder hyposensibility (late first sensation), and a quarter voided mainly by straining (detrusor paresis). These findings were unrelated to the neurosurgical pathology. Pronounced micturition symptoms or abnormal preoperative urodynamic examinations indicated evaluation two months after lumbar disc operation. Two-thirds tended towards recovery, one third remained unchanged.
Adult↗
Urethral pressure profile and retrograde urethrography in diagnosis of urethral strictures.
In 20 male patients with urethral strictures, urethral pressure profile was compared with retrograde urethrography. There was good accordance between the two methods with only minor discrepancies in multiple or very distal strictures. Urethral profile did not provide more exact information than did urethrography.
Adult↗
Bladder explosion during uninterrupted transurethral resection of the prostate. A case report and an experimental model.
A bladder explosion during transurethral resection with intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder is reported. Immediate operative repair was successful and the final result satisfactory. Gas formed during in vitro and in vivo prostatic resections was analysed by means of an oxygen electrode and gascromatographs. Hydrogen was dominant but oxygen and several explosive hydrocarbons were demonstrated. The gas formed in vitro was highly explosive. Oxygen content in gas formed in vivo was considerably lower. Admixture of atmospheric air during transurethral resection increases the risk of explosion and should be avoided and the air pocket in the bladder be kept at an absolute minimum.
Explosions↗
The turnover of tRNAs microinjected into animal cells.
Red cell-mediated microinjection has been used to study tRNA turnover in SV3T3 mouse cells and TC7 cells, an African green monkey kidney line. The turnover of endogenous tRNA, measured by labeling with 3H-methionine, was first-order with half-lives of approximately one day in SV3T3 and two days in TC7 cells. 32PtRNA isolated from E. coli or TC7 cells turned over at the same rate as endogenous tRNA when injected into either SV3T3 or TC7 cells. This demonstrates that cellular processes, not properties inherent to tRNAs, are responsible for the difference in tRNA turnover observed between SV3T3 and TC7 cells. These results further indicate that the mechanism of tRNA turnover in mammaliam cells does not distinguish prokaryotic from eukaryotic tRNAs. In contrast to unmodified tRNA, glyoxalated tRNA was rapidly degraded upon injection. Thus altered tRNA's, like altered proteins, are turned over more rapidly in animal cells.
Anticodon↗
The extravascular pool of albumin in the non-diuretic rat kidney estimated by means of radioactive tracers and quantitative immunochemistry.
The extravascular pool of albumin in the non-diuretic rat kidney was determined as the difference between total and intravascular albumin pools. The total pool of albumin was determined in two ways in the same kideny: 1. as the distribution volume of rat endogenous albumin measured immunochemically and 2. as the distribution volume of 125I-labelled rat albumin equilibrated for 4 days. The distribution volume of 131I human albumin after 1 min equilibration was taken as a measure of the intravascular pool. Total albumin pool estimated as rat endogenous albumin volume of distribution averaged 13.4, 25.1, and 43.0 mul per 100 mg tissue in cortex, outer and inner medulla, respectively. Similar figures were obtained using 125I-labelled rat albumin. Intravascular pool of albumin in the 3 zones averaged 7.2, 19.7, and 26.8 mul per 100 mg tissue. The calculated extravascular fraction of albumin averaged 0.44, 0.21, and 0.35 for cortex, outer and inner medulla, respectively.
Albumins↗
Oligonucleotides in the treatment of leukemia.
The use of synthetic oligonucleotides directed towards specific genes in the therapy of leukemias has evolved rapidly over the past 5 years to early clinical trials. Undoubtedly, use of these compounds for systemic therapy and bone marrow 'purging' will escalate. Such trials will be models for the treatment of many other malignant diseases and, indeed, non-malignant diseases which may be expected to respond to eradication of a specific gene function. We are currently at the threshold of a new era of therapy which holds the promise of totally transforming clinical medicine in the next decade.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗