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P Hutchison

Publications and source records attributed to P Hutchison.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

'Hooligans' abroad? Inter-group dynamics, social identity and participation in collective 'disorder' at the 1998 World Cup Finals.

During the 1998 Football World Cup Finals in France, English supporters were, once again, involved in major incidents of collective 'disorder'. Explanations for these incidents concentrated on the conflictual norms held by 'hooligans'. In contrast, Scottish supporters attending the tournament displayed norms of non-violence, explained by the popular press in terms of the absence of 'hooligans'. This study challenges this tendency to explain the presence or absence of 'disorder' in the context of football solely in terms of the presence or absence of 'hooligan' fans. Using data obtained from an ethnographic study of both Scottish and English supporters attending the tournament (N = 121), we examine the processes through which ordinarily 'peaceful' supporters would or would not become involved in collective conflict. In line with the Elaborated Social Identity Model (ESIM) of crowd behaviour, the analysis highlights the role of the intergroup context. Where out-group activity was understood as illegitimate in in-group terms, in-group members redefined their identity such that violent action toward out-group members came to be understood as legitimate. By contrast, where there was no out-group hostility, in-group members defined themselves through an explicit contrast with the 'hooligan' supporters of rival teams. This analysis represents an advance on previous studies of crowd behaviour by demonstrating how the ESIM can account for not only the presence, but also the absence, of collective 'disorder'.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Community services landscape in Canada: survey of developmental disability agencies.

A survey of support services for adults with development disabilities living in community settings in Canada was conducted. Information gathered on services and changes occurring in the community services landscape is discussed. Along with a diminution of government's role in funding and guiding service provision, Canada has witnessed the emergence of private-for-profit services, a relatively recent phenomenon in human services. Differences between the private-for-profit and nonprofit sectors are discussed, including a greater propensity in the nonprofit agencies to engage in advocacy and community education. Overall, evidence indicates that some services are beginning to incorporate individualized approaches to funding and support. Implications for government and for services of emergent patterns of support are noted.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Canadian Independent Living Centres: impact on the community.

There is now widespread interest in developing social policies and practices that are grounded in principles of independent living. The Independent Living (IL) paradigm reflects a shift in thinking away from traditional approaches to supporting persons with disabilities. Independent Living Centres (ILCs), which started in the early 1970s in the United States, and in the 1980s in Canada, are now a major force in the promotion of the IL concept worldwide. The guiding principles of these consumer-driven centres include: promoting an empowerment philosophy that incorporates consumer control/self-direction over decision-making; offering cross-disability support; providing options/choice and flexibility; and encouraging inclusion and full participation. Despite their prevalence, a surprisingly limited body of research exists on the impact of ILCs. A survey was used to investigate the impact of ILCs in Canada on their communities of interest (groups connected to the ILCs). Surveys were sent to formal organizations, informal groups, and family/friends. A final response rate of 52.6% was achieved (111 of 211 surveys returned). Overall, moderate to good levels of familiarity, involvement, and impact were found. The results affirmed the importance of independent living centres to individual empowerment, community change, and the IL movement.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

Independent living centres: an innovation with mental health implications?

The findings of a national study of Independent Living Centres (ILCs) in Canada suggest that the ILCs are a potentially powerful innovation for the consumer/survivor movement. Independent Living Centres are non-profit, cross-disability, consumer-driven, community-based centres which promote both individual empowerment and community change. The IL and mental health reform paradigms share in the development of empowerment theory, acknowledge the importance of consumer driven organizations, and utilize a socio-political analysis of disability which goes beyond the person and recognizes the environment as problematic. Accordingly, the reform paradigm seeks innovative services which are separate from the traditional mental health system. Before this can fully become a reality, mental health professionals need to increase their knowledge of the IL philosophy and ILC practice. Similarly, ILCs need to increase their knowledge of consumer/survivor empowerment and recovery and carefully assess any barriers that exist in terms of consumers/survivors accessing the ILCs. Collaboration between the IL movement and mental health will increase the likelihood of ILCs becoming a stronger resource for consumers/survivors.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Questionnaire for the identification of back pain for epidemiological purposes.

OBJECTIVES: To design a questionnaire for the identification and assessment of severity of back pain for epidemiological purposes, and gain preliminary experience of its use. METHODS: A group of specialists, experienced in the epidemiology and clinical assessment of back pain, designed the questionnaire, and tested it individually. It was also given cross sectionally by interview to a population of male coal mine workers. RESULTS: The questionnaire comprised a maximum of 12 questions on the presence, radiation, frequency, and severity of back pain with reference to difficulty with specific activities, interference with normal work, and absence from work. 471 coal miners answered the questionnaire (66% of those invited). 56% (265 men) of the responders reported pain or ache in the back during the previous 12 months, and the incidence of first ever attacks during the same period was reported to be 34%. 69% reported having had back pain at some time. The responses to the questionnaire were partially validated by comparison with certified sickness absence for two days or more attributed to back pain. In men who were symptomatic in the previous 12 months, for the question relating to absence from work because of back pain, the sensitivity was 82% and specificity was 84%. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire is easy to administer and generates clear cut data that could be useful for epidemiological or screening purposes. Preliminary, limited, studies of its validity are reasonably encouraging, although further validation is required. It is hoped that researchers will find the questionnaire useful, will extend its validation, and continue to develop it.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Lactation suppression with bromocriptine.

The efficacy and acceptability of bromocriptine in suppressing postpartum lactation was determined in a double blind study in which bromocriptine 2.5 mg twice daily for 14 days was compared with a placebo. Forty women who decide during the antenatal period not to breast feed entered the study. The bromocriptine treated group had significantly less mammary secretion and breast engorgement than the control group and also required less analgesia. The most noticeable side effects during the trial were dizziness, headache and abdominal pain. The only statistical difference between the two groups was a higher incidence of dizziness in the bromocriptine treated group.

Adult↗