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Biomedical subjects

P Hunt

Publications and source records attributed to P Hunt.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

A single bone marrow-derived stromal cell type supports the in vitro growth of early lymphoid and myeloid cells.

A clonal cell line (ALC) derived from murine bone marrow stroma is capable of supporting the continuous, in vitro growth of early lymphoid and myeloid cell populations. The growth-promoting effects of ALC are in part mediated through M-CSF and a pre-B cell growth factor, both of which accumulate in ALC-culture supernatant. To analyze the lymphoid growth factor produced by ALC cells, we derived a pre-B cell indicator line that is dependent on ALC-growth-conditioned medium. Using a combination of biological and biochemical analyses, we have established that the pre-B cell growth factor produced by ALC cells is distinct from IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, and IL-4 (BSF-1), suggesting that the early stages of B-cell development are regulated by a unique stroma-derived growth factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Suppressive effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) on immune responses.

This paper describes conditions wherein the serum peptides insulin and IGF1, which are typically associated with growth-promoting functions, can suppress in vitro immune responses. IL 2-induced proliferation of lymphocytes as well as in vitro antibody-producing cultures are suppressed by physiologic concentrations of IGF1 or by superphysiologic concentrations of insulin. Suppression of IL 2-induced proliferation is not overcome by increasing the IL 2 concentration and is mediated only during the first 24 to 48 hr of the 110-hr incubation period required to measure the proliferative response to IL 2. By analogy to other biologic systems, these effects of insulin and of IGF1 are probably mediated by occupancy of the IGF1-receptor, which is cross-occupied by insulin at superphysiologic concentrations. These data support the possibility of a novel function for these endocrine and endocrine-like peptides and also expands their range of biologic activities to within the immune system.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Oral ciramadol: a new analgesic for postoperative pain.

Ciramadol, a new synthetic narcotic agonist-antagonist analgesic, was compared in 30 and 60 mg doses with pentazocine 50 mg, aspirin 650 mg, and placebo in the treatment of 153 patients with postoperative pain. All drugs were administered between six and 72 hours after surgery. Analgesic efficacy was assessed for six hours after study drug administration using verbal pain intensity, analog pain intensity, and verbal pain relief scales. Significantly (P less than .05) higher analgesic efficacy scores were seen with ciramadol 30 mg than with pentazocine 50 mg and placebo at most of the evaluation points. Doses of ciramadol 30 mg were significantly (P less than .05) more effective than aspirin 650 mg at several time periods, and ciramadol 60 mg was better than pentazocine and placebo at several evaluation times. The 30-mg dose of ciramadol was generally more effective than the 60-mg dose. The mean six-hour cumulative sum of pain intensity difference scores, total pain relief scores, and sum of pain analog intensity difference scores showed that the best analgesic response occurred in the ciramadol 30 mg group, followed by the ciramadol 60 mg, aspirin 650 mg, pentazocine 50 mg, and placebo groups. Side effects were rare and mild. There were no medically important changes in vital signs in any treatment group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Comparative clinical study of Sulbactam and ampicillin and clindamycin and tobramycin in infections of soft tissues.

A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of Sulbactam (a new semisynthetic, injectable penicillanic acid sulfone) to inhibit beta-lactamase activity of bacteria in infections of the soft tissue. Sixty patients with documented soft tissue infections were prospectively randomized. One-half received 1 gram of Sulbactam per 2 grams of ampicillin every six hours. The other half received 600.0 milligrams of clindamycin every six hours and 1.5 milligrams per kilogram of tobramycin every eight hours. Patient groups were similar in age, sex, associated medical problems and bacteriologic flora of wounds. Sulbactam and ampicillin showed a 93 per cent cure rate or improvement as compared with 81 per cent in the clindamycin and tobramycin group. Eradication of organisms was better in the Sulbactam and ampicillin group (67 versus 35 per cent). Antibiotic activity of ampicillin was significantly augmented by the addition of Sulbactam. Of the 223 total bacteriologic isolates, 38 per cent were sensitive to ampicillin alone. Addition of Sulbactam improved sensitivity to 70 per cent. The Sulbactam and ampicillin combination is an effective combination for the treatment of soft tissue infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Evidence of only one H-2D/L-related glycoprotein in H-2dm1 mutant cells.

Analyses of the H-2D/L-related glycoproteins from dm1 mutant cell extracts by sequential immunoprecipitation, by SDS gel electrophoresis and by tryptic peptide mapping indicate that dm1 cells express only a single glycoprotein with H-2D/L-related determinants. In contrast to the four H-2D/L-related antigens identified for the parental d haplotype viz. H-2Dd, H-2Md, H-2Ld and H-2Rd, separate and distinguishable "H-2Ddm1", "H-2Mdm1", "H-2Ldm1" and "H-2Rdm1" glycoprotein counterparts are apparently lacking in the dm1 mutant haplotype. Only a single H-2D/L-related glycoprotein is identified in dm1 extracts by standard serological methods and this glycoprotein is designated H-2D/Ldm1 because of its H-2Dd/H-2Ld hybrid characteristics, as recently shown by Burnside and colleagues (1984). Thus, the seemingly complex phenotype of the dm1 mutant appears to originate primarily from one molecule having properties of two (or more) molecules of the parental haplotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Comparative effects of bombesin and porcine gastrin-releasing peptide in the dog.

Bombesin and porcine gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) share a common C-terminal decapeptide fragment and are known to have similar bioactivity. The potencies of parenterally administered GRP and bombesin have been compared in their effects on gastric acid output, serum gastrin, and serum pancreatic polypeptide. In the dose range 0-720 pmol/kg/hr, infusions of both peptides resulted in dose-related increases of gastric acid output and corresponding elevations of serum gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide. At the dose of 1440 pmol/kg/hr, both bombesin and GRP resulted in a decrease in gastric acid output and serum gastrin. The mechanism of this inhibition is unknown. No significant difference in potency between the two peptides in changing gastric acid output, serum gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide was observed. The demonstration of equimolar potency of porcine GRP and bombesin support the concept that GRP is mammalian bombesin.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A molecular hybrid of the H-2Dd and H-2Ld genes expressed in the dm1 mutant.

Sequential immunoprecipitates show that H-2dm1 mutant cells express a hybrid "H-2D/L" antigen exhibiting determinants normally associated with two different gene products of the parental d haplotype-i.e., the H-2Dd and H-2Ld antigens. The hybrid H-2D/Ldm1 antigen appears to consist of a portion of the NH2-terminal extracellular half of the H-2Dd antigen "fused" to a portion of the COOH-terminal extracellular half of the H-2Ld antigen. This structure is inferred from the reactivity of dm1 antigens with cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for H-2Ld determinants and with monoclonal antibodies specific for determinants in the structural domains of H-2Ld or H-2Dd. The H-2D/Ldm1 molecule apparently retains all of the third external domain (C2 or alpha 3) and part of the second external domain (C1 or alpha 2) of H-2Ld, but its first external domain (N or alpha 1) derives from H-2Dd. From these findings and from previous peptide mapping studies, we propose that the H-2D/Ldm1 antigen is the product of a hybrid gene that has resulted from an unequal crossover between the parental H-2Dd and H-2Ld genes, leaving the N exon and part of the C1 exon of the H-2Dd gene joined to the H-2Ld gene beginning somewhere within its C1 exon.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The effect of advanced life support and sophisticated hospital systems on motor vehicle mortality.

A mileage population death index (MPDI) was devised to compare the death rate from motor vehicle trauma in Florida counties. The MPDI was defined as the average death rate per one hundred million miles driven divided by the population of the particular county X 10(5). The resultant MPDI was correlated with the presence in a county of basic life support only and advanced life support. In addition, counties with large metropolitan hospitals which might possibly classify as Level I institutions were compared with other counties. A low MPDI was found to be highly correlated with the presence of an ALS system (p = 0.001). Counties with hospitals which might qualify as Level I also had a significantly lower MPDI (p = 0.04). We conclude that the presence of advanced life support and a sophisticated hospital is correlated with a significantly lower motor vehicle mortality.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1984

What do patients eat in hospital?

A study was made of the food chosen and eaten by patients on a surgical, a medical, an accident service and an elective orthopaedic ward. Patients were studied over 5 consecutive days. Daily energy intake was less than the predicted basal metabolic rate in 13 (24 per cent) of the 55 patients studied. Daily protein intake was less than 0.8 g/kg ideal body weight in nine (16 per cent) patients. Many of the patients had daily intakes of iron and of vitamins less than those recommended for healthy adults. There were no differences in food intake between the patients on the different wards. This study indicates the neglect of nutrient intake of many hospital patients.

Adult↗