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Biomedical subjects

P Hooper

Publications and source records attributed to P Hooper.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by resident ocular cells.

The mechanisms by which the eye maintains an immunosuppressive environment has been the subject of recent investigations. In this report we investigated the ability of resident ocular cells from the iris, choroid, and retina to inhibit lymphocyte responses in vitro. Our results demonstrate that single cell suspensions derived from iris and choroid to inhibit alloantigen induced lymphocyte proliferation. We show that this inhibition was mediated by soluble factors which are low (less than 10,000) and intermediate (10,000-30,000) molecular weight molecules. This capacity is limited to iris and choroid and is not demonstrable in cell preparations derived from the retina. We conclude from our studies that cells derived from iris and choroid are capable of regulating immune responses and suggest that these cells (or their soluble products) may play a role in the immunosuppressive environment of the eye.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMed1991

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Hospital Bed Capacity, 100 to 299↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between zinc intake, physical activity, and blood levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a healthy elderly population.

We investigated the relationship between level of exercise, ingestion of zinc supplements, and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in 270 healthy men and women over age 60. After controlling for sex, alcohol intake, and body mass, there was a significant positive correlation between level of exercise and serum HDL cholesterol in the 180 subjects not taking supplemental zinc (r = 0.26, P = .005) but not for those subjects taking supplemental zinc (r = -0.18, P = .14). Multiple regression analysis showed a significant interaction of zinc intake and activity level on HDL cholesterol (P = .04). In 22 subjects who were ingesting greater than 15 mg of supplemental, elemental zinc daily, cessation of zinc supplements for 8 weeks was associated with a significant increase in HDL cholesterol levels (2.0 mg/dL; P = .04). The change in HDL after stopping zinc was positively correlated with the level of exercise of the subjects (r = .41, P = .05). Thus supplemental zinc ingestion appears to block the exercise-induced increase in serum HDL cholesterol in a healthy population.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Praxis and language: the extent and variety of apraxia in aphasia.

This quantitative study of apraxia in aphasics establishes the extent and characteristics of apraxia in various aphasic groups, the differences between various categories of praxis, and the correlation between praxis and language parameters. Broca's aphasics have more severe apraxia than Wernicke's aphasics even though their comprehension is significantly better. Apraxia, however, correlates best with comprehension deficit and secondly with the severity of aphasia. Among the nonverbal parameters, drawing shows the highest correlations. Our study confirms the prominence of facial apraxia in Broca's aphasia. Praxis and language are closely related and appear to share the same neural structures.

Aphasia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathogenicity of Australian strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus.

The pathogenicity of 25 strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolated in Australia between 1961 and 1994 was compared in white leghorn specific pathogen-free chicks. Twelve strains were nephropathogenic and 10 respiratory, the other three being of mixed pathogenicity. The IBV strains identified as nephropathogenic induced clinical nephritis, gross and histological kidney lesions, and mortality of 5-90%. According to the severity of these features, the nephropathogenic strains could be further subdivided into strains of high, moderate or low pathogenicity. The three strains of mixed pathogenicity induced tracheitis, mild clinical nephritis and kidney lesions but no mortality. The 10 respiratory strains caused histological lesions in the trachea but not in the kidney, and did not induce clinical nephritis or mortality. Of 12 IBV strains isolated between 1961 and 1976, nine were nephropathogenic, inducing mortality of 15-90%. In contrast, of 13 strains isolated between 1981 and 1994, only three were nephropathogenic, inducing mortality of 5-37%, whereas nine were respiratory. Seven of these nine strains, unlike other respiratory strains, failed completely to replicate in the kidney. The results indicated a change in the prevalent IBV strains from highly nephropathogenic (1960s to 1970s) to respiratory (1980s to early 1990s); moreover, the late 1980s saw the emergence of respiratory strains with altered tissue tropism.

Animals↗