Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Hood

Publications and source records attributed to P Hood.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

The principles of pharmacology (3).

This is the concluding part of a series of articles which examines the principles of pharmacology. This paper reviews the potential variability of an individual's response to drugs and the unwanted adverse reactions that may occur. Following this theme, the pharmacological considerations of the extremes of age will be briefly reviewed and the implications for perioperative practice highlighted. The reader is encouraged to use the reference list as indicative reading and complete the questions that appear during the text.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The principles of pharmacology (1).

Today, nurses are presented with a bewildering range of medicines which they will have to ensure are safely administered to the patient. The nurse cannot be familiar with the numerous preparations available but he/she should have an understanding of how drugs work to ensure safe practice. Although nurse prescribing in the UK is now established, albeit on a limited basis, as the nurses role continues to evolve within the operating department a sufficient depth of knowledge of the principals of pharmacology is essential to provide holistic care.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed1996

Local anaesthesia.

This article is concerned with the care a patient requires whilst receiving a local anaesthetic. The significance of the administration of a local anaesthetic should never be underestimated by the theatre nurse and he or she must have an understanding of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics involved to provide effective care. Local anaesthesia is differentiated from regional anaesthesia as local anaesthesia affects a very specific part of the body whereas regional anaesthesia affects a much larger area of the body. This article will focus on local anaesthesia. Local anaesthetic agents cause a temporary loss of sensation due to inhibition of nerve endings in a specific part of the body. Clearly such agents are a very useful method of analgesia which can be used as a 'stand-alone' approach or as an adjunct to other methods of analgesia.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1996

The principles of pharmacology (2).

This is the second part of a paper which examines the principles of pharmacology. This article reviews the fundamental principals of drug action and effect: pharmacodynamics. An understanding of pharmacodynamics is important to enable the perioperative practitioner to practise safely. The reader is encouraged to consider the activity questions that appear throughout the article and expand his/her knowledge by further reading. A brief review of the historical background of the development of pharmacology will help put present day understanding into perspective.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1992

Behavioural tests of the dopamine depletion hypothesis of neuroleptic-induced response decrement.

This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that neuroleptic-induced within-session response decrements reflect a fatigue process, resulting from dopamine depletion, that is present before the session begins but is masked briefly by activational cues present at the start of the session. Response decrementing effects of pimozide were examined in rats lever pressing on random interval schedules of food reinforcement. An initial experiment was carried out to rule out a pharmacokinetic explanation of the response decrement. In a second experiment, the response decrement was not exacerbated by an immediately preceding period of intense forced motor activity (wheel running). Experiments 3 and 4 tested two further predictions: that the pimozide-induced response decrement should be overcome by removing the animal to its home cage and then replacing it in the apparatus (thereby reinstating the activational cues present at the start of the session); and that response impairments should be present from the outset if the animal is confined in the apparatus prior to the start of the session (thereby allowing activational cues to dissipate). Neither prediction was confirmed. Overall, the results provide no support for the dopamine depletion hypothesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Problems in ANA test interpretation: a comparison of two substrates.

Comparison of serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) test results on commercial HEp-2 cell culture preparations and fixed mouse kidney sections demonstrated significant differences in end-point titers and pattern production. When manufacturer's suggested screening titers are used, there is also a significant difference in qualitative results and correlation with clinical status. With individual intralaboratory establishment of screening titer levels, some of these differences become less significant, although this study suggests that mouse kidney substrate slides are more sensitive in detecting nonspecific ANA, and that HEp-2 substrate slides are more specific in detecting ANA from cases of systemic lupus erythematosus. Antinuclear antibody substrate selection must be based on classic sensitivity-specificity considerations and the clinical correlation performance desired. Comparisons of interlaboratory or follow-up ANA results are invalid without consideration of substrate variations. Regardless of substrate utilized, each laboratory should establish its own individual screening titers in relation to suitable age groupings.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Pretest temperature effects on CAP syphilis serology survey samples.

The College of American Pathologists syphilis serology survey participants periodically question survey-sample stability when the samples have possibly been exposed to temperature extremes during shipment. In this study it was demonstrated that short-term pretest incubations at temperatures above 58 degrees C (136.4 degrees F) usually cause a reduction in both rapid plasma reagin and FTA-ABS reactivity. No reactivity changes occurred in either test with short-term exposures to temperatures between -80 degrees C and 58 degrees C.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1981

Cell typing in lymphoproliferative disorders. Use of a sensitive hemadsorption technique for sections of normal and abnormal lymphoid tissue.

We have adapted a hemadsorption technique originally devised to detect Fc receptors on human cancer cells for categorizing different lymphoid cells in frozen sections of normal and abnormal human biopsy specimens. The procedure is sufficiently sensitive to demonstrate T-lymphocytes and receptors on the cells in diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in sections which has been difficult, if not impossible, using other techniques. It demonstrates the expected distribution of B- and T- lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes in normal lymphoid organs. When used to type the cells of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, it furnishes results comparable to more tedious methods requiring cell separation: 63 of 74 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were classified as neoplasms of B-cells. In 16 cases of Hodgkin's disease of the nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity types, all major classes of lymphoid cells were present. The proliferating cells were typed as B-cells in four cases of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

Adult↗