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Biomedical subjects

P Hays

Publications and source records attributed to P Hays.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Implications of the distinction between organic and functional psychoses.

On the basis of their symptomatology, some psychoses are called organic. The remaining psychoses are called functional. It is generally supposed that symptomatically organic psychoses have organic causes and thus call for medical investigations, while the functional psychoses are not so caused, and call for a dynamic formulation rather than an organic one. The author examines the basis for this distinction, and argues that it is logically unsound. He gives examples of exceptions to the rule, both organic-seeming illnesses that are the consequence of psychological mechanisms, and symptomatologically functional psychoses with organic antecedents. The exceptions prove to be so numerous that a different approach to the investigation of the psychoses, an approach stressing antecedents rather than symptomatology, appears to be called for.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

A comparison of puerperal psychosis and the schizophreniform variant of manic-depression.

The authors review the evidence indicating that puerperal psychosis is a nosological entity. The psychosis most closely resembling puerperal psychosis is the schizophreniform variant of manic-depression, and the authors propose that if marked differences can be found between that state and puerperal psychosis, then the finding will tend to confirm the separateness of puerperal psychosis. They compare two such sets of patients, and conclude that the claim of puerperal psychosis to the status of a nosological entity is further supported.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1984

Failed suicide attempt by emission gas poisoning.

After prolonged exposure to emission gases from his car, a patient survived, probably because of low carbon monoxide levels in the emission gases of his modern car. The authors anticipate a reduction in fatalities when this method of suicide is used.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Schizophrenia subdivided by the family history of affective disorder. A comparison of symptomatology and course of illness.

Schizophrenics meeting DSM-III criteria were divided, based on family history of affective disorder in first-degree relatives, into three groups: N-schizophrenics, no relative with affective disorder; U-schizophrenics, a relative with unipolar affective disorder; and B-schizophrenics, a relative with bipolar affective disorder. Although N- and U-schizophrenics displayed similar symptoms during the prodromal, actively psychotic, and remitted stages of their illness, U-schizophrenics were significantly more likely to have a depressive syndrome develop during the follow-up period. Compared with N-schizophrenics, B-schizophrenics were more depressed during the prodrome, were more elated and catatonic when actively psychotic, had fewer residual symptoms when remitted, and were much more likely to have a manic syndrome develop during the follow-up period. Even when DSM-III criteria are met, hesitation is indicated in diagnosing schizophrenia in patients with a first-degree relative with bipolar illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Schizophrenia with premorbid inferiority feelings. A distinct subgroup?

This study examines whether the presence of premorbid inferiority feelings (PIFs) defines a distinct subgroup of schizophrenia. Of 122 clinically diagnosed schizophrenics, 93% of whom met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenic disorder, 31 were found to have PIFs. By family history, schizophrenia was significantly less common in first-degree relatives of schizophrenics with (1.5%) than without (9.1%) PIFs, while affective disorders were equally common in both groups of relatives. Compared with schizophrenics without PIFs, schizophrenics with PIFs were significantly more likely to have been in a stressful environment at the onset of their disorder, to have an embarrassing physical handicap, to be less severely thought-disordered, and to have a lower rate of relapse on follow-up. From a genetic, etiologic, symptomatic, and prognostic perspective, the presence of PIFs may define a distinct subgroup of schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Familial and sporadic schizophrenia: a symptomatic, prognostic, and EEG comparison.

The authors examined the differences between 30 patients with familial schizophrenia (those with a schizophrenic first-degree relative) and 83 patients with sporadic schizophrenia (those with a negative family history for schizophrenia). Although the two groups showed no difference in the intensity of 1) flattened, depressed, or elevated affect, 2) auditory hallucinations, and 3) delusions, more of the familial (56.7%) than the sporadic (18.1%) schizophrenic patients had severe thought disorders. EEGs were performed while the patients were taking neuroleptics; 72.3% of the sporadic schizophrenic patients and 43.3% of the familial patients had an abnormal tracing. The authors conclude that the division of schizophrenia into familial and sporadic forms may represents a valid subclassification.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder) and schizophrenia. A family history study.

Family studies have played a central role in the controversy over the nosologic status of paranoid psychosis or delusional disorder (DD). In this study, 12 cases of DD were blindly rediagnosed from a cohort of 146 schizophrenics. The prevalence of schizophrenia in the relatives of the DD probands was significantly less than that found in the relatives of the schizophrenics. Affective illness was equally uncommon in both groups of relatives. Inferiority feelings clustered significantly in the relatives of the DD probands. From a familial perspective, DD is not closely related to schizophrenia or affective illness but does have a familial link to inferiority feelings. Investigators should take cognizance of the entity of DD as one possible source of the heterogeneity within "schizophrenia."

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Drainage of right superior vena cava into both atria. Review of the literature and description of a case presenting with polycythemia and paradoxical embolization.

An unusual cause of polycythemia, cyanosis and paradoxical embolus is described in a 37-year-old man, consisting of a rare congenital anomaly of the superior vena cava (SVC). The right-sided SVC received pulmonary venous drainage from the right lung and drained, through two channels, into both atria with the left atrium receiving the larger of the two channels. The atrial septum was intact. Corrective surgery and postoperative cardiac catheterization are described and the literature concerning anomalies of the right superior vena cava is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

An objective study of relationships and discontinuities between paranoid schizophrenia and Kretschmer's syndrome of sensitive delusions of reference.

The nosological status of Kretschmer's syndrome of sensitive delusions of reference (Sensitiver Beziehungswahn) has been a matter of discussion over many years. In an attempt to resolve the matter, a series of 147 consecutive patients who had been diagnosed as schizophrenic were reviewed. A group of 13 patients met specified criteria for Kretschmer's syndrome of sensitive delusions of reference, and these patients were compared with the remainder in a variety of ways. The patients with the syndrome of sensitive delusions of reference differed from the remainder in their antecedents (family history and premorbid personality), their EEG status, stresses at time of onset, and response to treatment. The evidence offered here points to the separateness of this syndrome from the other schizophrenic illnesses displayed by the patients reviewed.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1980

Relationships between premorbid personalities and unipolar depressions.

One hundred and fifty consecutive patients with unipolar psychotic ("endogenous") depression were investigated to illuminate any relationships existing between premorbid personality traits and the development of depressive illness. In some cases personality and psychological stress appeared to combine to produce depression, while in others physical stresses appeared to be the principal etiological agents, and to operate in the absence of personality and psychological factors. The contribution of these different factors to causation are discussed and explored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Taxonomic map of the schizophrenias, with special reference to puerperal psychosis.

Data collected by a single observer on 147 schizophrenic patients were subjected to clustering analysis. The results produced the hypothesis that schizophrenic illnesses directly after childbirth are a separate disease entity. This hypothesis was not disproved by experimental testing. Several disease entities may be included in the term schizophrenia. If this is so, the methods used in generating and testing the hypothesis that puerperal schizophrenia is a separate disease may provide a systematic method of classifying the various illnesses.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1977

Electroencephalographic variants and genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.

Schizophrenic patients (249) were divided into those with and those without a family history of major functional psychosis. The same patients were then divided into those with entirely normal electroencephalograms and those whose traces contained some variant of normal. Traces were interpreted without knowledge of the patients' identities, and the question of the presence or absence of positive heredity had been decided without knowledge of the patients' electroencephalographic status, so that the discovery that normal electroencephalograms correlated highly significantly with positive heredity, and vice versa, commands attention. It is considered in the setting of previous work on psychoses and organic and electroencephalographic findings.

Brain↗
PubMed1976

Etiological factors in manic-depressive psychoses.

Fifty consecutive patients with bipolar affective psychosis are reviewed, and the genetic and electroencephalographic findings set against extant hypotheses about inheritance of the disorder and the etiological homogeneity of the syndrome. Inheritance in this sample appears usually not to be X-linked. The syndrome seems etiologically heterogeneous in that some patients have an early onset and prominent genetic determinants, while in others without apparent hereditary predisposition, the illness start later and show electroencephalographic evidence of cerebral dysfunction.

Adult↗