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Biomedical subjects

P Hauri

Publications and source records attributed to P Hauri.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Telepathology: a new tool of pathology? Presentation of a French national network.

The field of pathology is constantly growing and the responsibility of the pathologists has progressively increased in the decision of application of some efficient but aggressive therapies. They justify the increasing necessity of discussion between pathologists about the diagnoses of difficult or rare or severe lesions. It is now possible to discuss at distance on good definition digitized images transmitted through I.S.D.N. A French experimental network between 12 workstations has been introduced since 2 years. Difficult or severe diagnoses have been immediately solved in 85% of the discussed cases. It remain legal problems and the necessity of an evaluation protocol which could be discussed at a European level. The increase of technical progress and, above all, the decrease of the costs might favour the development of telepathology. The workstation of the pathologist in the year 2000 could be the combination of a microscope, a HD-TV-camera and a personal computer with many softwares allowing treatment and transmission of numerous pictures.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1990

Clinical safety of flurazepam and midazolam during 14-day use in chronic insomniacs.

Data from evening questionnaires, reports of side effects, laboratory findings, and all-night respiratory measurements were collected on the 99 chronic insomniacs examined in this multicenter study. These data were used to compare the clinical safety and desirability of a benzodiazepine hypnotic with a very short half-life, midazolam 15 mg, with a hypnotic with a longer half-life, flurazepam 15 and 30 mg; both compounds were compared with a placebo control. There were 2 prestudy placebo nights followed by 14 consecutive nights of treatment. Of the 107 patients accepted, 99 completed the study. No marked adverse reactions were found in any area for any group. There was no increase in sleep apneas during the treatment period for any group. Results of this study provide additional evidence of the safety of benzodiazepine hypnotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sleep evaluation in chronic insomniacs during 14-day use of flurazepam and midazolam.

This article contains the sleep results of the efficacy study of flurazepam 30 mg and 15 mg, midazolam 15 mg, and placebo in the 99 chronic insomniacs studied as part of this multicenter study. After a 20-day drug washout, all-night sleep was recorded on 2 baseline nights, on the first 2 treatment nights, on treatment night 7, and on the last 2 nights of the study (nights 13 and 14). To reduce the number of comparisons, electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep latency, EEG wake time, EEG sleep efficiency, post-sleep questionnaire (PSQ) sleep latency, and PSQ total sleep were preselected as the major sleep variables. Between-groups comparisons indicated that, when compared with the placebo control, all drugs improved sleep, but differences were statistically significant only for the first 2 nights, i.e., the early interval. Midazolam was more effective than either dose level of flurazepam on treatment night 1. Within-group analyses indicated that all drug groups showed significantly improved sleep from baseline throughout drug administration, but the placebo group did not significantly improve from baseline by either objective or subjective measures at any of the three time intervals. The sleep of patients taking flurazepam 30 mg did not differ significantly from the sleep of those receiving the 15 mg dose for any of the five major sleep variables at any interval. Objective EEG and subjective PSQ sleep variables showed significant positive correlations.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Persistent psychophysiologic (learned) insomnia.

Persistent psychophysiologic (learned) insomnia (PPI) is an objectively verifiable sleep disturbance that develops secondary to chronic, somatized tension and negative conditioning. Twenty-two patients diagnosed as PPI were compared on sleep and psychological questionnaires to 22 normal subjects (Ns) and to 19 insomnia patients with dysthymic disorders (DD). PPI patients typically had difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep, as did the DDs, but showed normal sleep staging. While PPIs were similar to Ns on most psychological tests, they typically were repressors and sensation avoiders. Many PPI patients suffered from tension-related symptoms such as headaches. PPI patients and Ns revealed less psychopathology than DD patients on almost all psychological scales.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The effects of midazolam and temazepam on sleep and performance when administered in the middle of the night.

A multicenter, double-blind, sleep laboratory and performance study was conducted to evaluate the hypnotic efficacy and residual effects of midazolam (15 mg) and temazepam (30 mg) compared to placebo when administered in the middle of the night. Eighteen volunteers with objectively verified sleep maintenance insomnia received placebo for 3 nights during week 1 (adaptation and screening). During weeks 2, 3, and 4 they received 2 consecutive nights of midazolam, temazepam, and placebo (one treatment per week) in a balanced crossover design. Treatment was administered in the middle of the night (3.5 hours after bedtime). Neither drug reduced the latency to return to sleep after the middle of the night awakening. Both drugs significantly increased total sleep time, reduced wake during sleep, and number of awakenings over 4.5 hours in bed after treatment. In the morning (5 to 6.5 hours postdrug) significant performance decrements and reduced daytime sleep latency (7 hours postdrug) were found with temazepam but not midazolam.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Sleep laboratory and performance evaluation of midazolam in insomniacs.

This study evaluated laboratory sleep and performance after placebo, after 5, 10 and 20 mg of midazolam and after 30 mg of flurazepam. EEG recordings showed that 20 mg of midazolam significantly decreased sleep latency and stage 1 sleep, increased stage 2 sleep, and delayed the onset of the first REM period when compared with placebo. Subjective reports from the patients showed that the dose decreased the frequency of awakenings. In the morning, 9 h after drug ingestion, performance on most tests was affected very little by 20 mg of midazolam. However, performance on two psychomotor tests was slightly impaired after 20 mg of midazolam, while a test of free recall was slightly improved. On most variables, 5 mg of midazolam acted like placebo, while 10 mg of midazolam was intermediate between placebo and 20 mg of midazolam. Preliminary data suggest that 20 mg of midazolam may be as efficacious in inducing sleep as 30 mg of flurazepam, but may show fewer performance decrements in the morning.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effectiveness of intermediate-term use of secobarbital.

Secobarbital, 100 mg, was evaluated in two separate sleep laboratory drug evaluation studies, each with 4 insomniac patients. In both studies, the effect of secobarbital in inducing and maintaining sleep was evaluated, as well as the effects of the drug on sleep stages. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the results of the two studies could be combined. With short-term drug administration of secobarbital (up to 3 nights), there was an improvement in both sleep induction and sleep maintenance. Total wake time was decreased 43% below baseline and was consistently decreased in each third of the night. With intermediate-term drug administration (2 wk), total wake time was decreased only 14% (not statistically significant). Following drug withdrawal, the degree of sleep difficulty returned to baseline levels. The results indicate that secobarbital 100 mg is effective for short-term use but loses much of its effectiveness with intermediate use and suggest that the drug is of limited value for insomniac patients who require nightly medication beyond a period of 1 wk. With short-term administration, secobarbital induced a slight decrease in rapid eye movement (REM) and slow-wave sleep and a significant increase in stage 2 sleep. With intermediate administration, sleep stage values were similar to baseline levels. Following withdrawal, there was only a minimal increase in REM sleep above baseline levels, a significant increase in stage 3 sleep, and a significant decrease in stage 2 sleep. The rebound increase in stage 3 sleep is similar to that reported following withdrawal of pentobarbital.

Adult↗