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Biomedical subjects

P Hardy

Publications and source records attributed to P Hardy.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Formal thinking, logical-discursive operations and schizophrenia: experimental study of a clinical case].

This study, based on a single case experimental design, examined logical reasoning in a schizophrenic meeting the DSM-III criteria. The quantitative assessment carried out by 32 psychiatrists on a rating scale for logical thinking disorders (nine items, six points) of the retranscribed clinical interview showed 1. that the assessments varied in a statistically significant way according to items and psychiatrists, and that these variations were independent of their degree of experience--the correlations between the different items of the rating scale proved to be weak and not significantly different from zero; and 2. the study of the most contradictory statements carried out by a logician using reasoning analysis procedures concluded that there were in fact logical relationships between the subjects the schizophrenic talked about. The results are discussed in relation to the methodology of assessing formal thought in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Anxiety disorders in a French general psychiatric outpatient sample. Comparison between DSM-III and DSM-IIIR criteria.

In a general psychiatric outpatient sample (n = 1271) gathered through a cross-national French survey, anxiety and somatoform syndromes were assessed according to DSM-III and DMS-III-revised criteria. Lifetime and one-month prevalence rates in this population are provided and the high level of comorbidity between the anxiety syndromes is noted. The patient symptom profiles for panic syndrome, simple attacks, agoraphobia and generalized anxiety are displayed. The conspicuous consequences of the modifications brought in by the Revision-anticipatory anxiety in panic syndrome, and restricted period criteria for generalized anxiety- are discussed, with the conclusion that more field study assessment is required before further revision.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1989

[Osteonecrosis of the femur head in patients with renal transplant. Apropos of 82 surgically treated hips].

Fifty-six renal transplanted patients having an average age of 33 years have been operated on for necrosis of the femoral head from 1973 to 1988. They totalise 85 cephalic necrosis due to the therapeutic peaks of corticotherapy. The femoral condyles were affected by the necrosis in 21 patients, and the humeral head in 16 patients. 82 surgical operations of first intention and 18 resumptions leading to 100 the total number of operations. The 26 drilling gave place to 11 by arthroplasty. The good results of the drillings only concern the infraradiological stages and the MRI allows to detect the non symptomatic stages 0. The 33 intermediate prosthesis did not lead to septic complications but 9 cotiloidal alterations of which 4 important with a resumption by total prosthesis. 36 total prosthesis were realized out of which 13 for resumption. Two early and two late suppurations after septicemia complicated the evolution. If at stage 0 or 1 the drilling seems to remain a reliable indication, the total prosthesis is the only possible solution for invalidating stages IV, the intermediate prosthesis seems to be able to keep a place in the intermediate stages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Development after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene transplacentally and through human milk.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE), either transplacentally or through breast feeding, affected scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 6 or 12 months of age. DESIGN: Cohort followed from birth to 1 year of age. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: Volunteer sample of 858 infants, of whom 802 had Bayley scores available at either 6 months or 12 months or both. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Bayley scales and chemical measurements were done independently. Higher transplacental exposure to PCBs was associated with lower psychomotor scores at both 6 and 12 months of age; the difference between the mean scores in the lowest and highest PCB groups was 7 points at 6 months and 8 points at 12 months. Higher transplacental exposure to DDE was associated with higher mental scores at 6 months of age (the difference between the mean scores in the lowest and highest DDE groups was 6 points), but no relationship was seen at 12 months. Exposure to either chemical through breast feeding was apparently unrelated to Bayley scores. CONCLUSIONS: Transplacental exposure to PCBs was associated with lower psychomotor scores. No deleterious effects were associated with breast feeding.

Brain↗
PubMed1988

[Thrombopenia induced by heparin in orthopedic surgery. Apropos of 12 cases].

Treatment with heparin for the prevention of thrombosis in orthopaedic surgery may sometimes be responsible for thrombopenia. This can be associated with arterial or venous thrombotic complications. Twelve cases of heparin-induced thrombopenia are reported here. Three cases were demonstrated by a diminution of the platelet count which reversed when heparin treatment was discontinued. Nine patients presented with arterial and/or venous thromboses whose progress was favourable in the long term. The replacement of heparin treatment by anti-vitamin K from the 5th or 6th day can avoid the thrombotic complications of heparin-induced thrombopenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) in human milk: effects on growth, morbidity, and duration of lactation.

We followed 858 children from birth to one year of age to determine whether the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) in breast milk affected their growth or health. Neither chemical showed an adverse effect on weight or frequency of physician visits for various illnesses, although differences were seen between breast-fed and bottle-fed children, with bottle-fed children being heavier and having more frequent gastroenteritis and otitis media. Children of mothers with higher levels of DDE were breast-fed for markedly shorter times, but adjustments for possible confounders and biases did not change the findings. In absence of any apparent effect on the health of the children, we speculate that DDE may be interfering with the mother's ability to lactate, possibly because of its estrogenic properties.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1986

Neonatal effects of transplacental exposure to PCBs and DDE.

Neonatal effects of transplacental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) were examined in a study of 912 infants. Birth weight, head circumference, and neonatal jaundice showed no relationship to PCBs or DDE. We also administered the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scales, which are psychologic and neurologic tests designed for use in newborn infants. The results of these tests showed that higher PCB levels were associated with hypotonicity and hyporeflexia and that higher DDE levels were associated with hyporeflexia.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1986

Optimal pulse sequence for imaging hepatic metastases.

For magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies in which the diagnosis is dependent on image contrast, it is essential that an optimized imaging technique be used. Using detection of hepatic metastases as an example, the authors describe a rational strategy for optimizing MR imaging technique. First, for a single patient with proved hepatic metastases, a variety of imaging sequences is discussed and evaluated, leading to characterization of the patient's hepatic tissues. Then the characteristics of the tissues of a representative patient population are presented. These are used to determine two optimal pulse sequences that maximize the achievable signal difference-to-noise ratio achievable in a fixed imaging time. The recommended imaging sequence for detection of hepatic metastases at 0.15 T is either a three-dimensional volume spin-echo (SE) sequence with echo time (TE) = 12 msec and repetition time (TR) = 184 msec or a multisection inversion recovery sequence with TE = 22 msec, inversion time = 250 msec, and TR = 1,375 msec. The variation of this optimum pulse sequence with field strength is also presented.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) in human milk: effects of maternal factors and previous lactation.

The authors measured polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) in maternal serum, cord blood, placenta, and serial samples of breast milk from 868 women. Almost all samples of breast milk showed detectable levels of both chemicals. Overall, values for DDE in this study are within the range of those found previously, whereas those for PCBs are somewhat higher. Possible causes of variation in levels were investigated. For DDE, older women, Black women, cigarette smokers, and women who consumed sport fish during pregnancy had higher levels; only age and race showed large effects. For PCBs, older women, women who regularly drink alcohol, and primiparae had higher levels. In addition, both chemicals showed modest variation across occupational groupings. Casual exposure to a PCB spill did not result in chemical levels different from background. In general, women have higher levels in their first lactation and in the earlier samples of a given lactation, and levels decline both with time spent breast-feeding and with number of children nursed. These striking declines are presumably a measure of exposure to the child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Concept of resistant depression].

Resistant depressions can be defined as those depressions in which the spontaneous course is not influenced by therapeutic measures. Resistance to treatment is not an exceptional phenomenon, as it occurs in 15 to 30% of cases; the imprecision of this evaluation is essentially due to the losse definition of resistant depression and the various ways in which it is interpreted. For example, the concept of a "therapeutic measure" varies between the epidemiological approach, according to which it implies any form of therapy designed to treat the depression, and the clinical psychiatric approach, which reserves this term for the administration of rational antidepressant treatment over a sufficient period of time. The concept of "lack of influence" (or failure) of a therapeutic measure is also open to discussion: in the absence of absolute criteria for the characterisation of the patient's state of health, the definition of resistant depression can vary considerably. The study of factors of resistance to treatments allows therapeutic factors to be distinguished from clinical factors. In practice, inadequate treatment is the principal cause of "resistance". This inadequacy can be due to a number of reasons: poor choice of treatment, inappropriate dosage, insufficient duration of treatment, rejection of certain tried treatments (electroshock, MAOI), etc. Some cases of depression are found to be more frequently resistant, whichever treatment is administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antidepressive Agents↗