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Biomedical subjects

P Harding

Publications and source records attributed to P Harding.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on glomerular eicosanoid production in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

1. This study was designed to examine the production of certain eicosanoids (prostaglandin E2), prostacyclin (as 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha) and thromboxane A2 (as thromboxane B2) by glomeruli isolated from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats both before and after the administration of one of three angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, captopril, enalapril or fosinopril, for 10 days. 2. Measurements of glomerular eicosanoid production were made under basal conditions and in the presence of excess exogenous arachidonic acid. 3. The production of prostaglandin E2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 was greater by glomeruli from untreated spontaneous hypertensive rats (prostaglandin E2 2.24 +/- 0.41, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha 1.20 +/- 0.13 and thromboxane B2 2.75 +/- 0.43 ng 10 min-1 mg-1 of protein) than by those from Wistar-Kyoto rats (prostaglandin E2 1.41 +/- 0.28, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha 0.98 +/- 0.11 and thromboxane B2 1.29 +/- 0.24 ng 10 min-1 mg-1 of protein) under basal conditions. However, these differences only achieved statistical significance for thromboxane B2 (P less than 0.01). Similar strain-related differences were noted in the presence of arachidonic acid. 4. The ratio of glomerular (prostaglandin E2 + prostacyclin)/thromboxane A2 production was significantly lower in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in their normotensive counterparts under basal conditions with values of 1.3 +/- 0.18 and 2.2 +/- 0.20, respectively (P less than 0.01). 5. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors induced significant changes in the glomerular production of some eicosanoids, which differed both between strains and with the nature of the inhibitor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1989

The effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on isolated glomeruli.

The following study was designed to examine the effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors captopril and enalapril on certain biological and physiological activities of isolated preparations of glomeruli from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive SHR rats. The results suggest that the contractile response of glomeruli from SHR to exogenous angiotensin II (Ang II) is significantly enhanced by captopril whereas it has a different effect on those from normotensive (WKY) rats. These effects are unrelated to changes in glomerular Ang II binding or the level of plasma renin activity (PRA), but they do depend partially on the sodium status of the animal. Whereas captopril induced a modest increase in the basal rate of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis by glomeruli from normotensive (WKY) but not by those from SHR, the reverse occurred in the presence of Ang II. Prostaglandin E2 synthesis was increased in both strains of rats in the presence of excess arachidonic acid. Further increases occurred with the addition of captopril, these increases being significantly greater by glomeruli from WKY rats than by those from SHR, while enalaprilat had no effect on PGE2 production. The glomerular synthesis of PGE2 was not influenced in either strain of rats by in vitro administration of captopril.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1988

Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the prostate.

The occurrence of signet-ring cells within a mucinous prostatic carcinoma is an extremely rare finding. This cancer is characterized by both intracellular retention and extracellular secretion of mucinous material. We report a case of primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the prostate that was confirmed by autopsy. The results of gross, microscopic, and immunohistochemical examinations are described.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1987

Breathalyzer accuracy in actual law enforcement practice: a comparison of blood- and breath-alcohol results in Wisconsin drivers.

Breathalyzer and blood-alcohol results from drivers arrested for operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated and for related offenses were compared during a two-year period. Four hundred and four pairs of breath- and blood-alcohol results from specimens collected within 1 h of each other were studied. Blood-alcohol concentrations ranged from zero to 0.421% weight per volume (w/v). Breath-alcohol concentrations ranged from zero to 0.44 g/210 L. The mean Breathalyzer result was 0.16 g/210 L. The mean blood-alcohol result was 0.176% w/v. Compared to the blood-alcohol result, Breathalyzer results were lower by more than 0.01 g/210 L 61% of the time, within 0.01 g/210 L 33% of the time, and higher by more than 0.01 g/210 L 6% of the time.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1984

Differentiation-arrested rat fetal lung in primary monolayer cell culture. IV. Paradoxical effect of a "fetal" pO2 on precursor incorporation into phospholipids and hormone responsiveness.

Differentiation-arrested lung cell cultures were developed from fetal rats of various gestational ages. In contrast to previously published observations with cultures in a pO2 of approximately 142 mm Hg, cultures developed in a pO2 of approximately 30 mm Hg, close to the normal fetal arterial pO2, have improved plating efficiency and a slightly increased growth rate. They did not, however, show gestation-dependent increases of choline incorporation into phospholipids, nor did immature lung cell cultures respond to dexamethasone or triiodothyronine, singly or in combination, by increased choline incorporation into saturated lecithin. The incorporation of choline and glycerol into lipids suggested a mature rate of lipid synthesis by immature cultures at a pO2 approximately 30 mm Hg, despite preservation of an immature morphology. Electron microscope observations revealed no gross differences between immature cultures developed at either pO2. The cellular mechanisms underlying these differences are unclear but suggest that oxygen tension may significantly influence results obtained with in vitro studies of lipid synthesis by immature lung.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Suppressor cell activity in a proliferative disorder of T lymphocytes.

We report details of the immunological profile of a patient with the candidiasis endocrinopathy syndrome who has developed T-type chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The patient is anergic to a panel of delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, and has poor in vitro mitogenic responses, but B cell function in vivo is not impaired. Subsequent functional studies have revealed that cells from the patient have a significant suppressive effect in coculture (P less than 0.05) on the responses of healthy donor lymphocytes (NR) to the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). A degree of selectivity for the suppressive effect is suggested by the lack of similar effects on coculture responses to the mitogens concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Mitomycin C treatment of the patient's cells reduced their suppressive activity but significant suppression was still observed in the majority of PHA cocultures. The suppressor activity required the presence of the patient's cells in cocultures, as no suppression was observed when the patient's serum or cell culture supernatant were included instead of the patient's cells in NR cultures.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Flunisolide intranasal solution combined with intrabronchial steroids in adults with both bronchial asthma and perennial rhinitis.

Because the simultaneous use of more than one form of topical corticosteroid involves higher cumulative doses and, therefore, more potential for absorption, this study was concerned primarily with effect on adrenal function. Seventeen adults whose asthma symptoms had been stable for at least three months on 100-400 microgram/day of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol received flunisolide intranasal solution (200 microgram/day) combined with its intrabronchial form (1 mg/day) or with beclomethasone dipropionate bronchial aerosol (400 microgram/day). Utilizing a physician-blind, crossover design, each medication combination was administered for one month. Patient and physician evaluations revealed no significant differences in efficacy, adverse effects (complaints) or effect on adrenal function between the two combinations. Thus, the addition of intranasal flunisolide to intrabronchial flunisolide or beclomethasone did not appear to result in significant systemic absorption of corticosteroid above that which might have occurred as a result of the bronchial inhalation of corticosteroid medication alone during the pretrial period.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1977

Jaw wiring in treatment of obesity.

17 patients with severe (median percentage above ideal weight 100%) and resistant obesity underwent jaw wiring. There were no major complications and patients tolerated the procedure and subsequent minor inconveniences. All patients lost weight at a rate (median 25-3 kg in six months) comparable with that of intestinal bypass surgery and one achieved and maintained her ideal weight. Two-thirds of the patients, however, regained some weight after the wires were removed. Jaw wiring is a simple effective procedure which can be carried out in most hospitals, and has a place in an integrated approach to obesity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Comparison between the plasma insulin and glucose responses to five different insulin regimes in diabetic patients.

Diurnal plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were studied in six diabetic patients, each treated with five different insulin regimes. Subcutaneous soluble insulin was too slow and long acting for physiological replacement of the normal insulin response to meals, but the peak insulin levels were higher than the postprandial levels of normal subjects. Intramuscular insulin, though absorbed more quickly than subcutaneous insulin, was not clinically advantageous. Three rather than two injections of soluble insulin gave improved blood glucose control but two combined injections of short and medium acting insulins gave nearly as good results. A long acting insulin was needed to prevent raised plasma glucose levels overnight.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effectiveness of nurse triage in the emergency department of an urban county hospital.

The effectiveness of patient triage by a specially trained registered nurse in the emergency department of an urban county hospital, San Francisco General Hospital, was evaluated over a three-month period. Ambulatory patients thought to have nonemergent illnesses were directed to the Walk-In Service for physician evaluation and treatment; the remainder were seen in the Emergency Service. In three months, 11,329 patients registered for care, and 4,150 (37%) were referred to the Walk-In Service. Of the 77 admitted patients, six were thought to require treatment within a few hours, 67 within hours to days, and four were considered elective admissions. There were no deaths. Error in triage was about equally divided between mistaken diagnosis and underestimated severity of illnes. The overall accuracy of triage was 98%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Effect of intraduodenal glucose administration on hepatic extraction of insulin in the anesthetized dog.

Extraction of insulin by the liver after administration of glucose in the duodenum has been studied in fourteen anesthetized dogs. Plasma insulin and glucose were measured in the portal vein hepatic vein and hepatic artery. During the control period 40+/-3% of the approximately 11 mU of insulin presented to the liver/min was removed during a single transhepatic passage. Within 5 min after glucose administration, the amount of insulin reaching the liver increased significantly. In some animals this increase preceded any significant increase in the glucose concentration of the femoral artery. After glucose administration, hepatic extraction of insulin remained unchanged in five animals and rose significantly in nine. In five of the latter animals, the increase may have been more apparent than real due to nonrepresentative sampling of hepatic venous blood. However, for the whole group of animals, comparison of arterial insulin levels with the amount of insulin delivered to the liver suggested a transient increase in insulin extraction between 5 and 50 min after glucose administration. In no animal was there a decrease in the proportion of insulin extracted by the liver after glucose administration. The results indicate that the extraction process is not saturable at physiological insulin levels. Prior to glucose administration, net hepatic glucose output averaged between 30 and 40 mg/min. After glucose administration, the liver began to take up glucose and there was a significant correlation between hepatic glucose uptake and the amount of insulin reaching the liver. However, since the amount of glucose presented to the liver also increased, it is not established that the insulin was responsible for the change in hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. The data demonstrate an increase in the absolute amount of insulin extracted by the liver after glucose administration and an important role for the liver in regulating peripheral insulin concentrations.

Animals↗