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P Haghighi

Publications and source records attributed to P Haghighi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The cruciate ligaments of the knee: correlation between MR appearance and gross and histologic findings in cadaveric specimens.

OBJECTIVE: Using anatomic and histologic correlation, we investigated the reasons for differences in the MR signal intensity between the normal anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and for the focally increased signal intensity within these ligaments occasionally found in elderly patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MR images of 18 anterior and 20 posterior cruciate ligaments obtained from cadavers (age at death, 56-88 years old; mean, 74 years) were evaluated blindly. Their overall signal intensity and focal regions of increased signal were noted. The findings then were correlated with corresponding anatomic and histologic sections. RESULTS: The anterior cruciate ligament had greater signal intensity than did the posterior cruciate ligament in 15 of 18 knees and had comparable signal intensity in three knees. No histologic basis to explain the different MR appearances of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments was found. Rather, differences in macroscopic anatomy appeared to be the best explanation. In the posterior cruciate ligament, the fibers were parallel, whereas they were diverging and twisted in the anterior cruciate ligament, causing volume-averaging artifacts. A focal area of signal increase was found in 29 of the 38 ligaments. In 17 of these 29 ligaments, mucoid and/or eosinophilic degeneration was found that appeared to have caused the focal MR signal change. In nine ligaments without focally increased signal on the MR images, only one had histologic evidence of degeneration. The predictive value of an abnormal finding on MR was 59%, and the predictive value of a normal finding on MR was 89%. The relationship between increased signal on MR and histologic degeneration was statistically significant (chi 2 test, p = .0126). CONCLUSION: The differences in the MR appearances of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments probably are due to differences in gross architecture. Increased MR signal within the cruciate ligaments occurring in elderly patients often can be attributed to degenerative changes.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Otic and ophthalmic pneumocystosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Report of a case and review of the literature.

A case of primary Pneumocystis carinii infection involving the left middle ear of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is described, and the literature on the otic and ophthalmic pneumocystosis is reviewed. Otic pneumocystosis typically presents as a unilateral polypoid mass, and it is clinically manifested as otalgia, hearing loss, or, sometimes, otorrhea without evidence of current respiratory disease or previous Pneumocystis pneumonia. In contrast, choroidal pneumocystosis usually occurs in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with at least one previous episode of Pneumocystis pneumonia and aerosolized pentamidine treatment, it is usually asymptomatic and bilateral, and it may be discovered only because of other concurrent human immunodeficiency virus-related ophthalmic disease. The diagnosis is made clinically, and intravenous antiparasite treatment is successful.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Triangular fibrocartilage and intercarpal ligaments of the wrist: MR imaging. Cadaveric study with gross pathologic and histologic correlation.

To provide further understanding of the magnetic resonance (MR) signal intensities in the triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) and interosseous ligaments of the wrist, the authors performed MR imaging with gross pathologic and histologic analysis in 10 cadaveric wrists. Spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted coronal images were obtained, and 3-mm coronal sections of the specimens were then made that correlated precisely with the MR images. Normal portions of the TFC showed asymmetrical bow tie-like low signal intensity, except near the radial and ulnar attachments. Degeneration of the TFC, present in all cases, was more severe on the proximal surface and was characterized by high signal intensity on T1-weighted images and less high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. These findings differed from those in TFC perforation, which showed high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Similar signal intensity characteristics could allow differentiation of degeneration and perforation of the scapholunate and lunotriquetral ligaments. These findings suggest that in vivo MR imaging may accurately delineate degeneration and perforation of the TFC and intercarpal ligaments.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1991

Alterations in the supraspinatus tendon at MR imaging: correlation with histopathologic findings in cadavers.

To determine the histopathologic correlates of alterations in the rotator cuff at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, 13 cadaveric shoulders (in subjects aged 26-83 years at the time of death) underwent MR imaging in the coronal oblique plane at 1.5 T with proton-density- and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences. Areas corresponding to sites of MR imaging alterations were then examined histologically. Increased signal intensity on proton-density-weighted images (without further increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images) and an indistinct margin at the articular side of the supraspinatus tendon corresponded to eosinophilic, fibrillar, and mucoid degeneration and scarring. Areas of increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images were associated with severe degeneration and disruption of the supraspinatus tendon. Although other authors have suggested that certain MR findings are indicative of tendinitis, the histologic data in this study were not those of active inflammation but rather tendon degeneration.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease: portrait of a potentially preventable cancer from the Third World.

PURPOSE: To review the recent progress in the understanding of clinical and laboratory characterization as well as management of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID). DATA IDENTIFICATION: A literature search was conducted using Index Medicus, MEDLINE (1962 to 1989), and bibliographies of identified relevant articles. STUDY SELECTION: All international comprehensive reviews, reported epidemiologic or immunologic studies, and prospective clinical trials published or abstracted in English were selected. RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS: A high incidence of lymphoma primarily in the gastro-intestinal tract in Third World countries has stimulated enormous epidemiologic and pathogenetic interests globally. IPSID, with a distinctive biologic marker (alpha heavy chain para-protein), affects the young underprivileged population of those countries. The initially benign-appearing antibiotic-responsive immunoproliferative lesions often evolve to fatal high-grade lymphomas. Roles of environmental and host factors in this evolutionary course are emerging. Recently demonstrated malignant potentials form the early onset of pathogenesis have given a new dimension to the traditional management strategy of IPSID. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiologic, immunologic, and pathogenetic data that have emerged over the last 25-year study of IPSID have improved our understanding about the complexity of infection-immunity-cancer interrelationships, comparable to those that have arisen from the study of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Early detection and institution of antimicrobial-based treatment regimens with judicious and consistent follow-up can save the lives of many young patients whose manpower is badly needed in Third World countries.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Aortic valve repair for aortic stenosis in adults.

The stenotic aortic valve was surgically repaired in 48 adults, 21 women and 27 men, aged 38 to 83 years. Five had congenital aortic stenosis (AS), with a mean aortic valve gradient and area of 58 +/- 23 mm Hg (standard deviation) and 0.54 +/- 0.13 cm2, respectively; 32 had senile AS with a mean aortic valve gradient and area of 43 +/- 20 mm Hg and 0.98 +/- 0.41 cm2; and 11 had rheumatic AS with a mean aortic valve gradient and area of 59 +/- 24 mm Hg and 0.47 +/- 0.15 cm2. Only 6 patients underwent isolated aortic valvoplasty, 11 underwent concomitant mitral valve procedure, and 34 underwent concomitant coronary revascularization. Repair consisted of decalcification in 33 patients and decalcification as well as commissurotomy in 15 patients. There were three hospital deaths, none related to the aortic valve. Only 2 patients (both rheumatic) did not improve clinically. During follow-up (mean, 64 +/- 41 months) aortic valve restenosis developed in 24% (10 patients, 3/5 congenital, 4/11 rheumatic, and 3/32 senile) at a mean of 64 +/- 28 months. Postoperative Doppler echocardiographic assessment of 21 patients with senile AS at 1.1 +/- 2.7 and 18.1 +/- 1.4 months showed significantly lower aortic valve gradient and improved area in comparison with preoperative values. At 36 +/- 2.7 months, aortic valve gradient and area were not significantly different than preoperative values, and at 58.5 +/- 2.6 months aortic valve gradient was 1.41 (p = 0.07) times the preoperative value. At 7 years, actuarial freedom from aortic valve-related symptoms of the patients with senile AS was 87%. We conclude that in select patients aortic valve repair results in excellent relief of AS. Late restenosis is expected and more likely to occur in the valves with congenital and rheumatic disease than in those with senile disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The effect of intra-articular gadolinium-DTPA on synovial membrane and cartilage.

This investigation evaluated the potential effect of gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA-dimeglumine on synovial membrane and joint cartilage, using macroscopic, microscopic, and x-ray fluorescent spectroscopic techniques. Thirteen New Zealand white rabbits (26 knees) were used in this study, ten receiving 500 micromolar injections of Gd-DTPA-dimeglumine in their right knees; the remainder of the knees served as controls. One injected knee had minimal joint effusion and one had mild hyperemia. Microscopically four knees exhibited mild focal hyperplasia of the synovium, another three minimal focal mononuclear cell infiltration. X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy demonstrated no evidence of Gd-DTPA-dimeglumine in the synovium or articular cartilage. Neither macroscopic nor microscopic evaluation detected any Gd-DTPA-dimeglumine related effects. Gd-DTPA-dimeglumine was found to be safe for intra-articular injection in this animal model.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Growth related increase in rat intervertebral disc size: a quantitative radiographic and histologic comparison.

Methods were developed for measuring the width of lumbar intervertebral discs in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rates of growth of the L4-5 and L5-6 discs in a rostral-caudal direction in an approximately midsagittal plane were reported from analysis of radiographic and histologic data. The radiographic data correlated with histologic data (p less than 0.001). It was concluded that the L4-5 and L5-6 intervertebral discs continue to increase in size throughout the first 18 months of life of the rat, well past the age of rapid gain in body weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Pseudopseudarthrosis in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis.

There is a growing consensus that the mechanism leading to extensive discovertebral destruction (type III) in most patients with ankylosing spondylitis relates to fracture and subsequent pseudarthrosis. We introduced the term "pseudopseudarthrosis" to describe (in our case) the occurrence of abnormal motion between 2 fused spinal segments, resulting in extensive discovertebral destruction without fracture or pseudarthrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Nasal cocaine abuse causing an aggressive midline intranasal and pharyngeal destructive process mimicking midline reticulosis and limited Wegener's granulomatosis.

We describe a 36-year-old white man with an aggressive, midline intranasal and naso and oropharyngeal destructive process temporally associated with heavy (3 g/week) abuse of nasal cocaine. Necrosis and atrophy of the inferior and middle nasal turbinates bilaterally, prominent naso and oropharyngeal ulcers, and nasal septal perforation were observed clinically. Biopsies of a necrotic posterior oropharyngeal ulcer revealed focal areas of chronic inflammation and necrosis, but there was no evidence of vasculitis or granuloma formation. Serum was negative for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. The oropharyngeal ulcer improved with abstinence from cocaine. Nasal septal perforation is a well recognized complication of nasal cocaine insufflation. Our case illustrates that a more aggressive midline intranasal and intrapharyngeal destructive process mimicking limited Wegener's granulomatosis and midline reticulosis can be associated with nasal cocaine abuse.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1989

Pancreatitis in patients with AIDS presumptively due to CMV.

We have studied two patients who developed pancreatitis and who died of complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). From clinical analysis, presumptively, both patients developed CMV pancreatitis as a complication of AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Effects of cyclosporin A on the splenic tissue of rats: a histomorphometric analysis.

Histological studies demonstrated that long-term cyclosporin A treatment of nonantigenically challenged (untransplanted and unimmunized) Lewis rats markedly reduces the total percentage of splenic white pulp when compared to untreated control spleens (mean = 24 vs 34%, P less than 0.001). Direct measurements of periarteriolar sheaths and marginal zones demonstrated a marked reduction in size of these compartments in cyclosporin A-treated rats compared to untreated controls (P less than 0.001). In addition, there was a striking reduction in cellular density of the periarteriolar sheaths (P less than 0.001) and a minimal reduction in cellular density of the marginal zones (P less than 0.1) in the cyclosporin A-treated group when compared to untreated controls. There was no significant difference in total splenic size between the cyclosporin A-treated and the control groups, as indicated by total cross section measurements (mean = 33.3 vs 35.0, P less than 0.4). Qualitative observations of methyl green-pyroninophilic cells within and surrounding the marginal zones of the cyclosporin A-treated spleens revealed a much greater proportion of large pyroninophilic lymphocytes, which suggests that they are B immunoblasts. We conclude that long-term cyclosporin A treatment depletes splenic periarteriolar sheaths and marginal zones, compartments known to contain primary T lymphocytes, and induces an immunoblastic cell proliferation within the marginal zones and red pulp as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Fibrous dysplasia of bone.

Fibrous dysplasia of bone is a disorder of unknown etiology in which skeletal aberrations constitute the cardinal feature. The condition is often monostotic but may be polyostotic. The disorder may be accompanied by extraskeletal manifestations, such as abnormal cutaneous pigmentation and endocrinopathies, most commonly precocious puberty. Surgical therapy is recommended when bony deformities become substantial or when function is threatened.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Sternocostal joints. Anatomic, radiographic and pathologic features in adult cadavers.

Using radiographic-pathologic correlation, we studied the sternocostal joints derived from 27 consecutive cadavers and one additional cadaver with rheumatoid arthritis. Radiographic findings that were tabulated included joint space narrowing, sternal or costal osteophytes, articular calcification, vacuum phenomena, and the degree of ossification of the costal cartilages. The first sternocostal joint could be classified as either a synchondrosis or synostosis in every instance; however, a joint cavity lateral to the first sternocostal joint represented a normal variation and was seen radiographically in 10 specimens. The second sternocostal joint was synovial in type and intimately related to the manubriosternal joint; cavitation within this joint was present bilaterally in 36% of our specimens. Degenerative changes in the sternocostal articulations were characterized much more frequently by sternal osteophytes than by costal osteophytes or joint space narrowing. Calcification compatible with chondrocalcinosis was observed in two cadavers. Radiographic and pathologic evidence of synovial inflammation was evident in the sternocostal joints of the rheumatoid specimen.

Aged↗