Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Grob.
In groups of 16 patients with multiple sclerosis, 13 months' double-blind treatment with transfer factor from random normal donors differed from placebo treatment only in producing a temporary restoration of lymphocyte reactivity to measles virus antigen, and did not arrest the degeneration of nerve tissue.
Twenty-three epileptics with constitutional factors for seizures and low IgA serum concentrations were studied. Imbalance of the IgG subclasses was often observed, the IgG4 being undetectable in 13 (65%) patients. The percentage of circulating lymphocytes positive for surface immunoglobulins was normal except for slightly increased values for IgA in six (28.5%) patients. Of the epileptics, 48% showed subnormal proportions of lymphocytes forming spontaneous rosettes. There was a distinct trend for HLA-A2 antigen in the patients tested.
UNLABELLED: Transvenous endomyocardial biopsy by the technique of CAVES and SHUMWAY was performed in 12 patients with the clinical, hemodynamic and angiographic findings of congestive cardiomyopathy (COCM). Coronary artery disease was ruled out by selective arteriography. Light and electron microscopic findings were correlated with a functional classification based on physical working capacity (PWC) and three left ventricular (LV) angiographic parameters (ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening). PWC and the LV volumetric indices (vi) were determined in 52 patients and allowed the following grouping: group 1 with normal PWC and borderline VI (subclinical COCM); group 2 with normal PWC and decreased VI; group 3 with reduced PWC and severely depressed VI. Endomyocardial biopsy was successful in 10 out of the 12 patients. The grade of myocardial damage was assessed by 10 different criteria of typical morphologic abnormality. The myocardial damage score correlated closely with functional impairment as present in the three groups. Immunological fixation tests with the biopsy specimens revealed no antigen-antibody complexes. CONCLUSIONS: (1) right ventricular endomyocardial samples adequate for morphologic examination are easily obtained by transvenous biopsy; (2) in COCM, functional impairment parallels the extent of morphologic abnormalities although assessments of cardiac function were essentially confined to the left ventricle, whereas the morphologic specimens were obtained from the right ventricle.
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The clinical significance of Australia-antigenemia following kidney transplant has been studied in 18 patients. In 12 of these infection occurred after kidney graft. Sixteen allograft recipients had positive tests for Hbs-AG for 15-89 months. Development of chronic persistent hepatitis was observed in 7 cases; chronic aggressive hepatitis was not seen. Findings in the literature and the practical implications are discussed.
A total of 121 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) of two Zurich hospitals were controlled over a mean time of 5 years and 4 months. All patients of one hospital were consequently treated with corticosteroids and azathioprine, whereas those of the other hospital were not treated unless a severe deterioration occurred. In this case treatment was as short as possible. Results indicate that long - time treatment of CAH results in better prognosis than does no or short - time treatment. Death rate per observed patient - year was 0.079 in the no - therapy group, 0.035 in the short - therapy group and 0.025 in the long - time therapy group.
In five patients with definite multiple sclerosis and lack of cell-mediated immunity to measles and parainfluenza virus antigens, various immunological parameters were studied before and during transfer factor treatment. The study showed that cell-mediated immunity to measles virus antigen, as evaluated by the leukocyte migration agarose test, could temporarily be restored, using repeated injections of transfer factor pooled from unselected, normal blood donors.
The influence of tuberculosis and chemotherapy of tuberculosis on the immunologic investigations was proved on 136 patients with tuberculosis and some cases with sarcoidosis, over a period of several months. The immunologic investigations should contribute towards the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis. A general control group was established and also followed up for several months. The diagnostic value of the immunologic investigations seems of little importance for the tuberculosis, the chemo-therapy of tuberculosis does not influence the immunologic situation. The relative frequent appearance of antibodies against cell nuclei and the plain muscles shows that in clinically similar cases we must be careful with the diagnosis of collagen diseases or lupus erythematodes.
A large kindred (156 members) with hereditary angioneurotic edema is reported. 44 members of the family exhibit typical symptoms of the disease: recurring edemas of the skin and episodes of abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting due to mucosal edema in the stomach and intestine. In 32 patients complement studies were performed which in 28 cases revealed decreased levels of C1-inhibitor and almost normal values for C3 concentration. Among 21 members of the family who had never had symptoms of the disease, 7 also had low levels of C1-inhibitor. In 6 of 16 women, attacks often occur in conjunction with menstruation. In 9 of 10 women the symptoms of the disease had worsened during their first pregnancy. 8 patients have been successfully treated with tranexamic acid for 7-20 months.
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