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Biomedical subjects

P Graf

Publications and source records attributed to P Graf.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Simulating amnesic symptoms in normal subjects.

Patients with organic brain damage resulting in anterograde amnesia cannot recall a list of words, but when given the first three letters of each word, they complete these word stems with words from the list. We simulated this phenomenon in normal subjects who examined the list words for vowels while ignoring their semantic component. The subjects produced the list words when completing the word stems although they could not recall the words.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Glutathione content of the lens in various forms of cataract].

Both the electrolyte ratio (K greater than Na) and high glutathione content of the lenses are generally undisturbed in the brunescent nuclear cataract (cataracta brunescens), the primary grey nuclear cataract, and the supranuclear cataract (senile cortical cataract). The electrolyte ratio (Na greater than K) and greatly decreased glutathione content are also grossly pathological in the subcapsular cataract (cataracta complicata, posterior subcapsular cataract), especially in connection with a secondary grey nuclear cataract, the mature cataract (cataracta matura), and the intumescent cataract. Alteration of the electrolyte concentrations and the glutathione content may be the results of physical, anatomical, and various metabolic disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Screwed-plate osteosynthesis and reconstruction of fractures of the calcaneus].

The authors have treated 182 fractures of the calcaneus. Ninety-nine of these were operated on and plated. The results were studied in 75 cases with a follow up of 1 to 6 years. The technique used a lateral approach; a plate was always used, sometimes with a heterogeneous bone graft (Kiel bone). The operation was followed by 3 weeks of plaster cast fixation followed by mobilisation of the foot. A good functional result was obtained in 82 p. 100 of cases, but a satisfactory anatomical reduction in only 73 p. 100. Some mobility of the subtalar joint was conserved in 73 p. 100 of cases. The indications are described. This type of operation should be performed in displaced fractures with 2, 3 or 4 fragments. In more comminuted fractures the authors consider that primary arthrodesis is advisable. Conservative treatment is indicated in slightly displaced fractures or when local conditions make operation inadvisable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation as detected by H2O2 production in intact perfused rat liver.

1. H2O2 formation associated with the metabolism of added fatty acids was quantitatively determined in isolated haemoglobin-free perfused rat liver (non-recirculating system) by two different methods. 2. Organ spectrophotometry of catalase Compound I [Sies & Chance (1970) FEBS Lett. 11, 172-176] was used to detect H2O2 formation (a) by steady-state titration with added hydrogen donor, methanol or (b) by comparison of fatty-acid responses with those of the calibration compound, urate. 3. In the use of the peroxidatic reaction of catalase, [14C]methanol was added as hydrogen donor at an optimal concentration of 1 mM in the presence of 0.2 mM-L-methionine, and 14CO2 production rates were determined. 4. Results obtained by the different methods were similar. 5. The yield of H2O2 formation, expressed as the rate of H2O2 formation in relation to the rate of fatty-acid supply, was less than 1.0 in all cases, indicating that, regardless of chain length, less than one acetyl unit was formed per mol of added fatty acid by the peroxisomal system. In particular, the standard substrate used with isolated peroxisomal preparations (C16:0 fatty acid) gave low yield (close to zero). Long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids exhibit a relatively high yield of H2O2 formation. 6. The hypolipidaemic agent bezafibrate led to slightly increased yields for most of the acids tested, but the yield with oleate was decreased to one-half the original yield. 7. It is concluded that in the intact isolated perfused rat liver the assayable capacity for peroxisomal beta-oxidation is used to only a minor degree. However, the observed rates of H2O2 production with fatty acids can account for a considerable share of the endogenous H2O2 production found in the intact animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Infection following closed intramedullary nailing by Kuntscher's method in 1059 fractures].

This paper investigates the incidence of infection following Kuntscher intramedullary nailing of 1059 open or closed fractures treated between January 1967 and December 1980. The fractures comprised 503 of the tibia 440 of the femur and 116 of the humerus. The literature over the past 10 years demonstrates that infection following plating or nailing with open reduction is more frequent than after closed intramedullary nailing. This paper confirms that nailing with open reduction for tibial and femoral fractures increases the infection rate to 5.7% and 3.5% respectively. Closed intramedullary nailing by Kuntscher's method is considered to be sound treatment in a university service for the treatment of fractures of the shaft of the tibia, femur and humerus with an infection rate of less than 1% in closed fractures.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Hepatic calcium efflux during cytochrome P-450-dependent drug oxidations at the endoplasmic reticulum in intact liver.

During metabolism of (type I) drugs by cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase of the endoplasmic reticulum, the NADPH/NADP+ ratio in rat liver selectively decreases to approximately one-half of the control values, whereas the NADH/NAD+ ratio remains practically unaffected [Sies, H. & Brauser, B. (1970) Eur. J. Biochem. 15, 521-540]. In view of the observations with isolated mitochondria [Lehninger, A. L., Vercesi, A. & Bababunmi, E. A. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 1690-1694] of stimulated Ca2+ efflux upon nicotinamide nucleotide oxidation, the selective oxidation of NADPH in cytosol and mitochondria during drug oxidations was considered a useful experimental tool for the determination of whether the oxidation of NADPH or of NADH is responsible for Ca2+ efflux. With perfused livers from phenobarbital-treated rats, Ca2+ efflux was demonstrated, amounting to 8 nmol/min per gram of liver (wet weight), with aminopyrine, ethylmorphine, or hexobarbital as drug substrates. Drug-associated Ca2+ release was diminished when the inhibitor metyrapone was also present, or when drug oxidation was suppressed during N2 anoxia or in the presence of antimycin A in livers from fasted rats. Ca2+ efflux was elicited also by infusion of the thiol oxidant diamide, and by t-butyl hydroperoxide. However whereas Ca2+ efflux elicited by these compounds was restricted upon addition of the thiol dithioerythritol, there was little, if any, sensitivity of the drug-associated Ca2+ efflux to the thiol. Further mitochondrial oxidation of NADPH by addition of ammonium chloride had no effect on drug-associated Ca2+ efflux. Prior addition of the alpha-agonist phenylephrine suppressed the Ca2+ release by drug addition. While the molecular mechanism involved in Ca2+ efflux from liver mitochondria and from hepatocytes as well as the regulatory significance are not yet known, it is concluded from the present experiments that in case of nicotinamide nucleotide-linked Ca2+ efflux the oxidation of NADPH may suffice, with oxidation of NADH not being a requirement.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder: review of 25 cases.

The records of 25 patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder occurring during a 5 year period were reviewed. The frequent relation of the disease with cholelithiasis and benign tumors has been widely recognized. Stones were present in the gallbladder in 92 per cent of the patients. In the majority of cases, a diagnosis of carcinoma of the gallbladder was not made clinically. The most common preoperative diagnosis was benign biliary tract disease. The mean survival time after operation was 7 months, and only five patients had a curative resection. The best hope for reducing the mortality from this disease lies in earlier cholecystectomy in patients with benign gallbladder disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in vivo by nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs: evidence for the importance of pharmacokinetics.

A variety of acidic and non-acidic compounds are potent inhibitors of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in vitro. However, only a few, namely the acidic nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are useful anti-inflammatory analgesics in the clinic. Since inhibition of PG-synthesis is believed to be the main target of NSAID in inflammation this superiority of acidic compounds remains unexplained. We have considered that one explanation could be that only acidic NSAID appear in high concentrations in inflamed tissue to inhibit PG-synthesis sufficiently. To test this hypothesis the following experiments were carried out: (A) PG-synthesis and its inhibition by acidic and non-acidic NSAID was measured in vivo at the site of inflammation. It was found that in therapeutic doses only acidic NSAID were capable to reduce PG-synthesis significantly. (B) Measurement of drug concentration in inflamed tissue showed that only acidic NSAID were found in significantly higher concentrations in inflamed than in control tissue. From these observations it is concluded that a specific pharmacokinetic behaviour of acidic NSAID leading to high concentrations in inflamed tissue is a decisive aspect of their anti-inflammatory action.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Diagnosis and therapy of liver actinomycosis].

A 47-year-old man who had undergone gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer required repeated hospitalization due to recurrent fistulas in the region of the laparotomy scar and increased cholestasis and cachexia. An intrahepatic and subphrenic abscess was diagnosed clinically and by liver scan and confirmed by laparotomy. The histologic findings revealed actinomycosis. Through early surgical drainage and administration of 20 million units penicillin G daily it proved possible to discharge the patient completely cured after 2 months. The pathogenesis of liver actinomycosis is discussed.

Actinomycosis↗