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Biomedical subjects

P Gibbs

Publications and source records attributed to P Gibbs.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Involvement of the constituent chains of botulinum neurotoxins A and B in the blockade of neurotransmitter release.

1. The abilities of botulinum neurotoxins, types A and B (single and two-chain forms) to inactivate an intraneuronal component required for transmitter release were quantified in a phrenic-nerve-diaphragm preparation, cerebrocortical synaptosomes or the buccal ganglion of Aplysia californica and compared with the mouse toxicity assay. 2. Homogeneous preparations of the individually renatured polypeptide chains of both toxin types showed low residual toxicity in the whole animal and had no effect on neurotransmission in all three systems, when tested singly. 3. Mixtures of individually renatured heavy chain, from type A or B, and either light chain proved very effective in blocking the evoked release of acetylcholine when bath-applied to the buccal ganglion of Aplysia whilst they were relatively inactive on mammalian nerve terminals, indicating a less efficient uptake of the polypeptides in the latter. 4. When renatured together, the homologous, but not the heterologous, chains of each toxin type yielded toxic, disulphide-linked two-chain species. 5. A role for the heavy chain alone in acceptor recognition and membrane translocation was implicated by the blockade of acetylcholine release produced when light chain was applied to a ganglion of Aplysia previously bathed in heavy chain and washed extensively. No blockade was observed when the order of application of the two chains was reversed. 6. These findings are discussed in the context of the intracellular requirement for both the constituent toxin chains for toxicity, and in the apparent need for these chains to be linked via a disulphide bond for uptake in rodents but not in Aplysia.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1987

Early experience with synchronous aorto-bifemoral and femoro-popliteal bypass grafts.

Over a three-year-period 51 concomitant aorto-bifemoral and femoro-popliteal reconstructions, using prosthetic materials below the inguinal ligament, were carried out in 39 patients, with both aorto-iliac and femoro-popliteal disease, presenting with severe lower limb ischaemia. Thirteen grafts were inserted for rest pain and/or gangrene, while 38 were performed for disabling claudication. There was no perioperative mortality. Cummulative patency for all femoro-popliteal grafts was 53% at 2 years. Limb salvage rates of 84.6% at 2 years were achieved in patients with critical ischaemia. These results suggest that synchronous aorto-bifemoral and femoro-popliteal reconstructions with prosthetic materials can be performed safely in selected patients with acceptable early patency and limb salvage rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ranking of prophylactic efficacy of poly(ICLC) against Rift Valley fever virus infection in mice by incremental relative risk of death.

The prophylactic efficacy of poly(ICLC) (stabilized, synthetic, double-stranded polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid) against Rift Valley fever virus infection in Swiss-Webster mice was dependent on the treatment schedule. The treatment schedule was optimized by ranking the results of various treatments by the Cox proportional-hazard model based on the incremental relative risk of death. With this ranking procedure, the schedule of choice was three doses of 20 micrograms each given 5 days apart. This regimen yielded a 90% survival rate. Additional parameters were determined, including the timing of the first and second drug dose, the temporal relationship of these treatments to the day of challenge, and the minimal effective dose (1 microgram per mouse).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Fractured malar.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

PIPIDA scintigraphy for cholecystitis: false positives in alcoholism and total parenteral nutrition.

A review of gallbladder scintigraphy in patients with potentially compromised hepatobiliary function revealed two groups in whom cholecystitis might be mistakenly diagnosed. In 200 consecutive hospitalized patients studied with technetium-99m-PIPIDA for acute cholecystitis or cholestasis, there were 41 alcoholics and 17 patients on total parenteral nutrition. In 60% of the alcoholics and 92% of those on parenteral nutrition, absent or delayed visualization of the gallbladder occurred without physical or clinical evidence of cholecystitis. A cholecystagogue, sincalide, did not prevent the false-positive features which presumably are due to altered bile flow kinetics related to alcoholism and parenteral nutrition. Four patients on parenteral nutrition undergoing cholecystectomy for suspected cholecystitis had normal gallbladders filled with jellylike viscous thick bile. A positive (nonvisualized or delayed visualized) gallbladder PIPIDA scintigram in these two populations should not be interpreted as indicating a need for cholecystectomy.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of acute right upper quadrant pain: sonography and 99mTc-PIPIDA cholescintigraphy.

A group of 75 patients with acute right upper quadrant pain was evaluated with both sonography and cholescintigraphy. Accuracy in screening for gallbladder disease was significantly greater with sonography (96%) than with cholescintigraphy (74%). For selecting patients with acute cholecystitis from this population that included acute and chronic cholecystitis as well as nonbiliary pathology, PIPIDA was less accurate (77%) than might be expected based on previous reports primarily due to false positive nonvisualization caused by chronic cholecystitis. Of patients with nonbiliary pathology, sonography was able to detect the cause of the right upper quadrant pain in 21%. Patients with acute right upper quadrant pain should first be screened with sonography. If cholescintigraphy is subsequently used for suspected acute cholecystitis, positive results should be interpreted with caution before surgery is planned.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1974

Three cases of acute ketotic diabetes mellitus with myocarditis: a common viral origin?

Focal electrocardiographic abnormalities have been noted in three young adults who developed acute diabetes after an illness bearing the hallmarks of a viral infection. The persistent S-T and T wave changes were inexplicable in terms of acute electrolyte imbalance or ischaemic heart disease and were ascribed to viral myocarditis. The significance of this is discussed.

Adult↗