Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Ghosh

Publications and source records attributed to P Ghosh.

464 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of smoking on gastric acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer.

The effect of smoking on gastric secretion was studied in 15 consecutive patients with duodenal ulcer--six normosecretors (basal acid output less than or equal to 3 mEq/h), and nine hypersecretors (basal acid output greater than 3 mEq/h). The volume, acid output, acid concentration, and pH of the gastric juice measured before, during and after 1 h of smoking did not show any significant difference in these patients taken as a single group, or when the normosecretors and hypersecretors were analysed as separate groups (P greater than 0.05 for each parameter in each group). The higher acid output before and during smoking in hypersecretors than in normosecretors was due to the higher acid concentration in the gastric juice (P less than 0.01). Study of the pH curves of the gastric juice after acute smoking showed that hypersecretors had a lower pH for a longer duration compared with normosecretors. This could make the hypersecretors with a history of chronic smoking more prone to developing duodenal ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the inhibitory activities of a new boron compound and ultrasound against the mouse ascites tumour.

The inhibitory effects of a new boron compound, dihydroxy (oxybiguanido) boron (III) hydrochloride monohydrate (HB), and ultrasound (US) of a frequency 25 kHz on the growth of ascites tumour in female Swiss mice were studied by monitoring the survival, weight of tumour-associated material, tumour cell count, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and the haematological parameters of the treated animals. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a well-known anticancer agent, was used as positive control. While HB exhibited a very significant antitumour action, US alone produced a small but significant inhibitory effect. The combination of US with HB or 5-FU produced an extra antitumour action as compared to the actions of these chemicals used singly. The mechanisms of action of the new boron compound (HB) and US are discussed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new boron compound (guanidine biboric acid adduct) as an antitumour agent against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice.

The inhibitory effects of a new boron compound of guanidine biboric acid adduct (GB) and guanidium chloride (L1) on the growth of ascites tumour in female Swiss mice were studied by monitoring the survival, tumour weight, tumour cell count, transplantability of Ehrlich ascites cells, precursor incorporation and the haematological parameters of the treated mice. 5-Fluorouracil, a known anticancer drug, was used as a positive control. The most important parameter was the survival time, which increased significantly when tumour-bearing mice were treated with the boron compound. Haematological parameters of the treated animals showed minimum toxic effects when boron was coupled with guanidine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Offspring of normal and diabetic rats fed saturated fat in pregnancy demonstrate vascular dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Disturbances of the in utero environment may "program" for disease in later life. In this study, we determined whether dietary fat supplementation and/or diabetes in pregnancy can adversely affect vascular function in the offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a breeding diet or a diet high in saturated fat (30% wt/wt) for 10 days before mating, throughout pregnancy, and postpartum. Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was blunted in isolated femoral arteries of 15-day-old weanling pups from dams fed the 30%-fat diet. Endothelial dysfunction and enhanced constrictor responses to norepinephrine were also observed in an additional study of 60-day-old offspring of dams fed 20% saturated fat. Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were also fed saturated fat during pregnancy. Femoral arteries from their 15-day-old offspring showed impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation and enhanced constrictor responses to norepinephrine and the thromboxane mimetic U46619 compared with young offspring of high-fat-fed normal dams. The 30%-fat diet was also deleterious to vascular function in the maternal diabetic animals when assessed in mesenteric arteries 16 days postpartum. CONCLUSIONS: A high-fat diet in pregnancy led to vascular dysfunction in rat weanlings and young adult offspring. Vascular function further deteriorated in weanlings if the maternal rat was diabetic.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of lithium chloride on spermatogenesis, testicular delta 5- 3 beta- and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in toad (Bufo melanostictus).

The purpose of the present study was to show the effects of lithium on testicular activities in the toad. Adult male toads were injected with lithium chloride (200 micrograms/toad) of alternate days for 21 days. At the moment of sacrifice on 22nd day, lithium treated animal showed decreases in testicular weight and Leydig cell nuclear area along with inhibition of spermatogenesis and testicular delta 5-3 beta as well as 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities. The results of our present experiment suggest that lithium administration might be associated with significant adverse effects on testicular activity in toad.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of restraint stress on cannabis-induced catalepsy in rats.

The effect of restraint stress (1, 2 and 4 hr) on cannabis-induced catalepsy, was investigated in rats. Restraint stress produced a time-related-potentiation of the cataleptic effect of a sub-cataleptic dose of cannabis. Stress (4 hr)-induced potentiation of cannabis catalepsy was attenuated after pretreatment of the animals with drugs known to decrease central 5-HT and prostaglandin activity, but was unaffected by metyrapone, an inhibitor of endogenous corticoid synthesis. The results suggest the involvement of 5-HT and prostaglandins in restraint stress-cannabis interaction. The results have been discussed in the light of earlier investigations, from this laboratory, indicating increased rat brain 5-HT and prostaglandin activity, following restraint stress, and possible 5-HT mediation in central effects of prostaglandins. It is suggested that restraint stress first enhances rat brain prostaglandins, which in its proposed role as the first mediator' of stress, activates the serotonergic system in this species. This prostaglandin 5-HT link, thus mediates the observed potentiating effect of restraint stress on cannabis catalepsy.

5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laryngeal changes following long-term stenting with polyvinyl chloride tubes.

BACKGROUND: To treat tracheal stenosis and permit wound healing to occur an inert stent is required which resists the contraction process and prevents re-stenosis. The newer stents of polyvinyl chloride are not readily available in India and endotracheal tubes are used in many centres. In our centre polyvinyl chloride tubes are used nasotracheally for prolonged periods. We prospectively studied the pattern of laryngeal changes that occur because of prolonged nasotracheal stenting with polyvinyl chloride tubes. METHODS: The incidence and pattern of laryngeal changes due to stents was prospectively studied at the time of removal of stents, using an operating microscope. Twenty-nine patients underwent tracheal reconstructive surgery for tracheal stenosis (post-intubation or post-tracheostomy) and tracheal injuries. RESULTS: Twelve different lesions were noted and their pattern was related to the period of stenting. Fibrosis, fibrous band formation and webs were noted after four weeks. A high incidence of laryngeal changes was seen in all age groups with an overall incidence of 79% (males 79%; females 88%; adults 82%, children 75%). The mean (SD) duration of stenting was 50 (33) days. Patients with laryngeal changes had a significantly (p < 0.05) longer duration of stenting [56 (34) days] compared to those without any lesion [29 (15) days]. CONCLUSIONS: After four weeks of stenting the severity and incidence of laryngeal changes increase. We recommend restriction of the use of polyvinyl chloride stents to less than four weeks to prevent permanent laryngeal damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) in health and disease: interactions with cells, cartilage and components of synovial fluid.

Intra-articular administration of hyaluronic acid (Hyaluronan) (HA) is now gaining widespread acceptance for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), even though little is known of its mechanism of action. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that HA is able to modulate a variety of cellular functions, suppress the activities of pro-inflammatory mediators and can attenuate the nociceptive response in arthritic joints. However, recent studies with animal models of non-inflammatory OA have questioned the ability of HA to protect articular cartilage degeneration directly. The objective of this review is to examine some aspects of HA chemistry and pharmacology in relation to its interactions with cells, cartilage and the components of synovial fluid.

Analgesics↗