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Biomedical subjects

P Gaussorgues

Publications and source records attributed to P Gaussorgues.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[The diagnostic value of non-fiber-optic broncho-alveolar lavage in pneumopathies and mechanical ventilation].

73 patients on artificial ventilation and presenting with localised or diffuse consolidation had broncho-alveolar lavage (LBA), in search for a causative organism, in a prospective fashion. LBA was done using a supple balloon catheter (LBA-c) which was placed blind down the intubation tube, until a distal bronchus was blocked (under radiographic control). The mean number of organisms found was 1.56 +/- 1.2. LBA-c alone provided a diagnosis in 31 cases (42%) and in association with blood cultures in 14 cases (19%). In 11 cases (15%) the consolidation was not caused by infection. In 14 cases (19%) the diagnosis was made by serology or blood cultures alone. Finally in 8 cases (11%) no diagnosis could be made. Thus LBA-c achieved an etiological diagnosis for the pneumonia in 45 cases (54.8%) and remained negative in non-infectious cases. The good tolerance of the technique as regards blood gases, its simplicity of operation (without a fibrescope) and its diagnostic reproducibility make LBA-c an option in the diagnosis of pneumonias on artificial ventilation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Acute respiratory distress syndrome in chickenpox in 3 healthy adults].

Three adults previously in good health developed pulmonary oedema during chickenpox. Severe hypoxemia required mechanical ventilation. All patients recovered without extensive pulmonary sequela on the first month pulmonary functional test. The severity of adult chickenpox requires hospitalization for treatment with Acyclovir.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Acute parathion poisoning. Value of repeated determination of plasma pseudocholinesterases].

A case is reported of acute massive overdose with parathion in a 48 year old male farmer. Despite an adapted and early treatment, the clinical course was unusually prolonged. The need for repeat titration of plasma pseudocholinesterases, as the best indicator of overdose, is stressed. Recovery without after-effects coincided with the return to normal plasma levels of pseudocholinesterases.

Atropine↗
PubMed1986

[Bacterial infections and early Plasmodium falciparum malaria].

Two cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria associated with bacterial infections--streptococcus A septicemia and Legionnaires' disease--are described. The association of these two infections is probably not incidental, and the hypothesis of Plasmodium falciparum induced immuno-deficiency is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Survival of patients in acute renal failure: effect of nutrition and its associated complications].

A retrospective study of 150 patients with acute renal failure (ARF) was conducted to assess the influence of both protein and caloric intake and non-renal complications on the prognosis, as well as the predictive value of plasma protein levels. The majority of ARF had occurred in medical or surgical settings (46% and 32.7%, respectively). Nutritional data were available from 94 patients, fed either by parenteral or enteral routes, or both. The mean caloric intake was higher (29 kcal/kg/day) in patients who recovered than in those who did not (24 kcal/kg/day, p less than 0.01). A caloric intake above 35 kcal/kg/day resulted in an improved survival, independently of either patients' age or non-renal complications. Serum prealbumin and transferrin levels were higher in surviving patients than in those who died, 0.25 vs 0.16 g/l (p less than 0.001) and 1.7 vs 1.4 g/l (p less than 0.01), respectively. Nutritional support in ARF could be adapted according to the variations of these serum markers. Its influence on survival should be assessed with regard to the associated prognosis factors.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1983

[Comparison of high-frequency jet ventilation and conventional ventilation in the adult respiratory distress syndrome].

Sixteen adult patients with respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical respiratory assistance entered this study, the purpose of which was to obtain the same blood gas values under high frequency jet ventilation as under conventional ventilation. When high frequency jet ventilation without spontaneous breathing was compared to continuous positive pressure ventilation, peak airway pressure was the same, but mean airway pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure and pleural pressure were higher and cardiac index lower. When high frequency jet ventilation with spontaneous breathing was compared to intermittent mandatory ventilation, peak airway pressure was lower, mean airway pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure were higher, and pleural pressure and cardiac index were not different.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatic cytolytic and cholestatic changes related to a change of lipid emulsions in four long-term parenteral nutrition patients with short bowel.

Long-term parenteral nutrition hepatic-related impairment is commonly reported and diversely explained. However, with a low cyclic caloric intake (100% to 130% of basal metabolism calculated with the Harris-Benedict formula) consisting of two-thirds glucose, one-third lipid, and 0.20 to 0.25 g of nitrogen per kilogram per day, these complications were infrequent in a clinical practice of home long-term parenteral nutrition. Retrospectively, it was noticed that the switch from Intralipid 20% to Ivelip 20% at the same amount was followed within 2 months by four cases of jaundice in a population of four home long-term parenteral nutrition patients with short bowel disease. Hepatic disturbances were characterized by cytolysis and cholestasis and were reversible after switching from Ivelip 20% back to Intralipid 20%. Neither viral, nor biliary, nor septic etiologies were detected. The exact pathological mechanism remains unknown. The basal composition of both lipid emulsions seems to be identical: soy oil emulsion emulsified by egg phospholipids. However, some differences exist such as the size of particles, the presence of sodium oleate in Ivelip 20%, and the purification process of lecithin. These may explain the difference in hepatic tolerance during long-term parenteral nutrition.

Adult↗