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Biomedical subjects

P Garnerin

Publications and source records attributed to P Garnerin.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

AUDILAB: quality audit simulation to prepare biomedical testing laboratories for accreditation.

In order to prepare biomedical laboratories for accreditation a quality audit simulator has been developed. By means of a dialogue with the laboratory, AUDILAB simulates the process by which the auditor identifies deviations or assesses conformity to the standard. AUDILAB is based on a knowledge processing system accessible via Minitel (French videotex terminal). With reference to the EN 45001 standard which is the European standard concerning the "General criteria for the operation of testing laboratories", it provides an assessment of the laboratory's degree of conformity and prompts it to take corrective action.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1994

[Preventing deficiencies in the transfusion process].

The methods of system reliability analysis represent an interesting set of tools used to follow the so-called "transfusion process", defined as all the steps from donors sensitization to recipients follow-up. FMECA, (Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis), can be used as a prevention tool, independently of any dysfunction in the process. Of course, it can equally be used following a failure, in order to analyse the causes and to apply the specific corrections. Quality insurance, system reliability analysis, epidemiologic surveillance and safety monitoring operate in synergy. These three issues pertaining to transfusion safety constitute a dynamic system.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed1994

[Blood transfusion and quality assurance].

Administrating safe blood products and being able to produce the evidence of procedures correctly employed, is today vital for healthcare professionals. Industrial quality assurance is an appropriate answer to this problem. Indeed, this approach allows the mastering of a processing system thanks to the combination of three elements: a detailed description of processes, control mechanisms and corrective measures. It relies on an information system and must be applied to all steps of blood transfusion.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed1994

[Immunologic risks of blood transfusion and public health].

The general objective is the study, through scientific approaches, of the main components of immunological risks linked to red blood cell transfusions, as well as their consequences, in order to define precise rules for prevention, taking into account that 2,700,000 units were transfused in 1992. To reach this general aim, five intermediary objectives have to be achieved: 1) The sentinel study of the methodology used to collect information about transfusion accidents, as well as their identification and their early clinical expression; 2) The analysis of the occurrence mechanisms of incompatibilities and transfusion accidents; 3) The up-date definition of post-transfusion alloimmunization, in particular regarding 3 parameters: a) the immunogenicity of the different erythrocyte antigens, that will have to be reassessed; b) the modes of occurrence of post-transfusion anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization; c) the different types of chronology in the appearance and the persistence of anti-erythrocyte antibodies. 4) The search for significant criteria in order to assess the immunopathological correlations of the consequences of antigen-antibody conflicts; 5) The elaboration of the principles for tests evaluation and identification of the techniques linked to blood groups and the study of anti-erythrocyte antibodies.

Blood Group Incompatibility↗
PubMed1993

Computerised surveillance of communicable diseases in France.

The French National Department of Health and National Institute of Health and Medical Research decided to develop a powerful, computerised, national information system in order to improve the surveillance of communicable disease in France. The French Communicable Diseases Computer Network (FCDN), which went into operation in 1984, allows for the collection and dissemination of data on seven communicable diseases. The epidemiological database is updated by 500 sentinel general practitioners using home terminals. Data on notifiable diseases are submitted to the National Department of Health by the departmental health offices via FCDN.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed1992

The French communicable diseases computer network: a technical view.

This paper describes an information system (IS) established in France in 1984 for the national surveillance of communicable diseases. This IS is based on a videotex server and a relational database management system. The videotex server is the IS front-end. It performs the following functions: interpersonal communications, synthetic information retrieval into an epidemiologic info-base and data entry owing to its specialized applications. The relational database management system allows the user to manage and consult an epidemiologic database updated in quasi-real time. Several specific tools have also been developed in order to enhance data representation and analysis and the decision support capabilities of the IS.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Six years of public health surveillance of measles in France.

Data provided by the Sentinel General Practitioners (SGP) to the French Communicable Diseases Computer Network (FCDN) have been used to present the epidemiological characteristics of measles observed during a 6-year period in France. The estimated annual incidence rates per 100,000 population were 376 in 1985, 603 in 1986 and 983 in 1987, then declined during the following 3 years to 297, 258, and 263 per 100,000 population in 1988, 1989 and 1990 respectively. There is a marked seasonal change with a high early summer peak. The mean age among the cases for the 6 years of study varied from 5.4 to 6.0 years. There is an increase in the percentage of cases with a past history of measles vaccination, from 6.7% in 1985 to 12.8% in 1990. This increase may be interpreted as a consequence of a substantial increase of the vaccine coverage during the same period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Meningococcal disease and influenza-like syndrome: a new approach to an old question.

The temporal and spatial association of meningococcal disease and influenza-like syndrome (ILS) was assessed from surveillance data on these diseases in France for a 6-year period (1985-1990). Using time series methods to account for the usual seasonal pattern meningococcal disease, the incidence of meningococcal disease in a given week was found to be linked to incidence of ILS in the 5 previous weeks but not to that in subsequent weeks. Geographic spread of meningococcal disease correlated with spread of ILS. This study also suggests that meningococcal disease is more severe for a 2-month period during and after an ILS epidemic: The proportion of cases with purpura fulminans increased by 24% and those resulting in death by 26% during this period. No shift in the age distribution was observed. When an ILS epidemic is identified, medical practitioners should be informed of the likelihood of an increased incidence and severity of meningococcal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A routine tool for detection and assessment of epidemics of influenza-like syndromes in France.

A regression model for the nonepidemic level of influenza-like syndrome has been estimated from the 55,200 cases collected between October 1984 and August 1988 using the French Communicable Diseases Computer Network. The start of a major epidemic in 1988-89 was detected early. The size of the epidemic, for the entire country, was estimated at approximately 4.3 million cases. The excess cost of sick-leave, among those of working age, was estimated at $86 million.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1986

A computer network for the surveillance of communicable diseases: the French experiment.

The description and first results of the French Communicable diseases Network are reported. The network, initiated in November 1984, currently includes the National Department of Health, the local health offices and various clinical, biological, and epidemiological partners. Surveillance of influenza, viral hepatitis, acute urethritis, measles, and mumps is based upon reports from sentinel general practitioners throughout France who are equipped with terminals and can communicate their data on a 24-hour basis. The network distributes electronic bulletins summarizing the surveillance data, the regional statistics concerning other diseases, and epidemiological and administrative news. Electronic mail is used for data validation and enhances communication between the parties of the network.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed1985

[A discrete-events computer model of fox rabies].

A technique of discrete events simulation is used to construct a model of an epi-enzootic disease of vulpine rabies. Because this technique is easy to use, it makes it possible to take into account different spatial and temporal characteristics of the dynamics of vulpine populations and transmission of rabies. Thereby, the model simulates satisfactorily the epi-enzootic disease of rabies presently observed in France.

Animals↗