Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Günzel.
In a dermal toxicological study the effect of hexachlorophene on the blood coagulation process in dogs over a period of 12 weeks was investigated. The thrombelastographic results revealed a reduction in reaction time, coagulation time and an increase in maximal amplitude supplemented with subsequent increase in the number of platelets and the enhancement of ESR.
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Histotopochemistry and histology of vaginal epithelium in female beagles were studied during oestrus, metoestrus-dioestrus, post partum period and at days 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 of pregnancy. During oestrus the epithelium is uniform throughout the whole vagina: it presents itself as a high, uncornified, stratified squamous epithelium with some glycogen and lipid droplets but devoid of leucocytes. The intercellular gaps of the stratum intermedium give strong reactions for ATPase and alkaline phosphatase. The activities of oxidoreductases studied decrease continuously from basal to apical. During gravidity, post partum period and metoestrus-dioestrus distinct morphological and histochemical differences can be stated between the cranial and caudal vaginal portions. Caudal vaginal epithelium outside oestrus remains of stratified squamous type. It exhibits strong mucification during pregnancy. The PAS-positive mucous substances prefer a position in the enlarged intercellular gaps of stratum intermedium and superficiale. During pregnancy the epithelium is relatively rich in acid and completely devoid of alkaline phosphatases. Outside oestrus the epithelium of the cranial vaginal region is a relatively flat, stratified columnar one and contains leucocytes with regularity. Also the cranial vaginal portion undergoes mucification during pregnancy with a maximum about day 33. The mucous material is situated intracellularly and not within the intercellular gaps. Further, larger intraepithelial mucus cysts are observed. Alkaline phosphatase is found during gravidity in the basal region and an adluminal border of the epithelium. The reactions for oxidoreductases are strongest in the columnar cell layer which shows more functional adaptations than the remainder of the epithelium. Histochemical tests for beta-D-glucuronidase and leucine aminopeptidase give negative results in the whole vagina during all different functional stages studied.
The changes in anterior pituitary (AP) of pregnant and lactating dogs as compared with pituitary of animals in metestrus-anestrus phase are described with special reference to the relative proportion, topography and morphology of prolactin cells, somatotrophs, corticotrophs, thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs. For demonstration of these cells, suitable histological, histochemical and immunoenzyme cytochemical methods are used. The prolactin cells show progressive hyperplasia during pregnancy, so that at the end of this phase and during lactation, they comprise the most predominant glandular cells in AP. At the same time, they reveal massive hypertrophy with marked morphological features of high secretory activity, After transient or continous interruption of the suckling stimulus they show signs of functional inhibition on involution. The corticotrophs appear at 20. and 30. days of pregnancy to be relatively increased in number. While in the last third of pregnancy and during lactation, they only seem to be more active than those in pituitary of metestrus-anestrus dogs. The somatotrophs appear to be progressively reduced in relative number during pregnancy and lactation. However, they show some morphological signs of active secretion. The thyrotrophs did not show any morphological alterations during the different reproductive phases. The gonadotrophs reveal during pregnancy, especially at 30. day morphological signs of stimulation. On the contrary they appear atrophied during lactation. This may be a result of suckling stimulus and morphological expression of the inverse relationship in the secretion pattern of gonadotrophins and prolactin in dogs during suckling. The estrogen and progesterone levels in plasma as well as the changes in their relative concentrations may largely account for the structural changes on AP of pregnant dogs. However, neuroendocrine reflexes (e.g. suckling stimulus) seem to be of a great importance for the maintainance of stimulation of prolactin cells during lactation.
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