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Biomedical subjects

P G Kevrekidis

Publications and source records attributed to P G Kevrekidis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Exact static solutions for discrete phi4 models free of the Peierls-Nabarro barrier: discretized first-integral approach.

We propose a generalization of the discrete Klein-Gordon models free of the Peierls-Nabarro barrier derived in Spreight [Nonlinearity 12, 1373 (1999)] and Barashenkov [Phys. Rev. E 72, 035602(R) (2005)], such that they support not only kinks but a one-parameter set of exact static solutions. These solutions can be obtained iteratively from a two-point nonlinear map whose role is played by the discretized first integral of the static Klein-Gordon field, as suggested by Dmitriev [J. Phys. A 38, 7617 (2005)]. We then discuss some discrete phi4 models free of the Peierls-Nabarro barrier and identify for them the full space of available static solutions, including those derived recently by Cooper [Phys. Rev. E 72, 036605 (2005)] but not limited to them. These findings are also relevant to standing wave solutions of discrete nonlinear Schrödinger models. We also study stability of the obtained solutions. As an interesting aside, we derive the list of solutions to the continuum phi4 equation that fill the entire two-dimensional space of parameters obtained as the continuum limit of the corresponding space of the discrete models.

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Radiationless traveling waves in saturable nonlinear Schrödinger lattices.

The long-standing problem of moving discrete solitary waves in nonlinear Schrödinger lattices is revisited. The context is photorefractive crystal lattices with saturable nonlinearity whose grand-canonical energy barrier vanishes for isolated coupling strength values. Genuinely localized traveling waves are computed as a function of the system parameters for the first time. The relevant solutions exist only for finite velocities.

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Statics and dynamics of an inhomogeneously nonlinear lattice.

We introduce an inhomogeneously nonlinear Schrödinger lattice, featuring a defocusing segment, a focusing segment and a transitional interface between the two. We illustrate that such inhomogeneous settings present vastly different dynamical behavior in the vicinity of the interface than the one expected in their homogeneous counterparts. We analyze the relevant stationary states, as well as their stability, by means of perturbation theory and linear stability analysis. We find good agreement with the numerical findings in the vicinity of the anticontinuum limit. For larger values of the coupling, we follow the relevant branches numerically and show that they terminate at values of the coupling strength which are larger for more extended solutions. The dynamical development of relevant instabilities is also monitored in the case of unstable solutions.

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Discrete vector solitons in one-dimensional lattices in photorefractive media.

We construct families of two-component spatial solitons in a one-dimensional lattice with saturable on-site nonlinearity (focusing or defocusing) in a photorefractive crystal. We identify 14 species of vector solitons, depending on their type (bright/dark), phase (in-phase/staggered), and location on the lattice (on/off-site). Two species of the bright/bright type form entirely stable soliton families, four species are partially stable (depending on the value of the propagation constant), while the remaining eight species are completely unstable. "Symbiotic" soliton pairs (of the bright/dark type), which contain components that cannot exist in isolation in the same model, are found as well.

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Nonlinearity management in optics: experiment, theory, and simulation.

We conduct an experimental investigation of nonlinearity management in optics using femtosecond pulses and layered Kerr media consisting of glass and air. By examining the propagation properties over several diffraction lengths, we show that wave collapse can be prevented. We corroborate these experimental results with numerical simulations of the (2+1)-dimensional focusing cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with piecewise constant coefficients and a theoretical analysis of this setting using a moment method.

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Equation-free dynamic renormalization in a glassy compaction model.

Combining dynamic renormalization with equation-free computational tools, we study the apparently asymptotically self-similar evolution of void distribution dynamics in the diffusion-deposition problem proposed by Stinchcombe and Depken [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 125701 (2002)]. We illustrate fixed point and dynamic approaches, forward as well as backward in time; these can be used to accelerate simulators of glassy dynamic phenomena.

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Minimal model for tumor angiogenesis.

In this work, we show a mathematical model for the angiogenesis by endothelial cells. We present the model at the level of partial differential equations, describing the spatiotemporal evolution of the cell population, the extracellular matrix macromolecules, the proteases, the tumor angiogenic factors, and the possible presence of inhibitors. We mainly focus, however, on a complementary, more physiologically realistic, hybrid approach in which the cells are treated as individual particles. We examine the model numerically in two-dimensional settings, discussing its comparison with experimental results.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗

Solitary waves in discrete media with four-wave mixing.

In this paper, we examine in detail the principal branches of solutions that arise in vector discrete models with nonlinear intercomponent coupling and four wave mixing. The relevant four branches of solutions consist of two single mode branches (transverse electric and transverse magnetic) and two mixed mode branches, involving both components (linearly polarized and elliptically polarized). These solutions are obtained explicitly and their stability is analyzed completely in the anticontinuum limit (where the nodes of the lattice are uncoupled), illustrating the supercritical pitchfork nature of the bifurcations that give rise to the latter two, respectively, from the former two. Then the branches are continued for finite coupling constructing a full two-parameter numerical bifurcation diagram of their existence. Relevant stability ranges and instability regimes are highlighted and, whenever unstable, the solutions are dynamically evolved through direct computations to monitor the development of the corresponding instabilities. Direct connections to the earlier experimental work of Meier [Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, 143907 (2003)] that motivated the present work are given.

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Observation of discrete solitons and soliton rotation in optically induced periodic ring lattices.

We report the first experimental demonstration of ring-shaped photonic lattices by optical induction and the formation of discrete solitons in such radially symmetric lattices. The transition from discrete diffraction to single-channel guidance or nonlinear self-trapping of a probe beam is achieved by fine-tuning the lattice potential or the focusing nonlinearity. In addition to solitons trapped in the lattice center and in different lattice rings, we demonstrate controlled soliton rotation in the Bessel-like ring lattices.

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Symmetric and antisymmetric soliton states in two-dimensional photonic lattices.

We study the dynamics of off-site excitation in an optically induced waveguide lattice. A single beam centered between two waveguides leads to an asymmetric beam profile as the nonlinearity reaches a threshold. When two probe beams are launched in parallel into two nearby off-site locations, they form symmetric or antisymmetric (twisted) soliton states, depending on their relative phase. A transition of intensity pattern from on-site to off-site locations is also observed as the lattice is excited by a quasi-one-dimensional plane wave.

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Vector solitons with an embedded domain wall.

We present a class of soliton solutions to a system of two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, with an intrinsic domain wall (DW) which separates regions occupied by two different fields. The model describes a binary mixture of two Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with interspecies repulsion. For the attractive or repulsive interactions inside each species, we find solutions which are bright or dark solitons in each component, while for the opposite signs of the intraspecies interaction, a bright-dark soliton pair is found (each time, with the intrinsic DW). These solutions can arise in the context of discrete lattices, and most of them can be supported in continuum settings by an external parabolic trap. The stability of the solitons with intrinsic DWs is examined, and the evolution of unstable ones is analyzed. We also briefly discuss the possibility of generating such families of solutions in the presence of linear coupling between the components, and an application of the model to bimodal light propagation in nonlinear optics.

Biophysics↗

Discrete solitons and vortices on anisotropic lattices.

We consider the effects of anisotropy on solitons of various types in two-dimensional nonlinear lattices, using the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation as a paradigm model. For fundamental solitons, we develop a variational approximation that predicts that broad quasicontinuum solitons are unstable, while their strongly anisotropic counterparts are stable. By means of numerical methods, it is found that, in the general case, the fundamental solitons and simplest on-site-centered vortex solitons ("vortex crosses") feature enhanced or reduced stability areas, depending on the strength of the anisotropy. More surprising is the effect of anisotropy on the so-called "super-symmetric" intersite-centered vortices ("vortex squares"), with the topological charge equal to the square's size : we predict in an analytical form by means of the Lyapunov-Schmidt theory, and confirm by numerical results, that arbitrarily weak anisotropy results in dramatic changes in the stability and dynamics in comparison with the degenerate, in this case, isotropic, limit.

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Oscillations of dark solitons in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates.

We consider a one-dimensional defocusing Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a parabolic potential. Dark solitons oscillate near a center of the potential trap and their amplitude decays due to radiative losses (sound emission). We develop a systematic asymptotic multiscale expansion method in the limit when the potential trap is flat. The first-order approximation predicts a uniform frequency of oscillations for the dark soliton of arbitrary amplitude. The second-order approximation predicts the nonlinear growth rate of the oscillation amplitude, which results in decay of the dark soliton. The results are compared with previous publications and numerical computations.

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Stabilizing the discrete vortex of topological charge S=2.

We study the instability of the discrete vortex with topological charge S=2 in a prototypical lattice model and observe its mediation through the central lattice site. Motivated by this finding, we analyze the model with the central site being inert. We identify analytically and observe numerically the existence of a range of linearly stable discrete vortices with S=2 in the latter model. The range of stability is comparable to that of the recently observed experimentally S=1 discrete vortex, suggesting the potential for observation of such higher charge discrete vortices.

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Motion of discrete solitons assisted by nonlinearity management.

We demonstrate that time-periodic modulation of the nonlinearity coefficient in the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation strongly facilitates creation of traveling solitons in the lattice. We predict this possibility in a semi-qualitative form analytically, and test it in direct numerical simulations. Systematic computations reveal several generic dynamical regimes, depending on the amplitude and frequency of the time modulation, and on the initial thrust which sets the soliton in motion. These regimes include irregular motion of the soliton, regular motion of a decaying one, and regular motion of a stable soliton. The motion may occur in both the straight and reverse directions, relative to the initial thrust. In the case of stable motion, extremely long simulations in a lattice with periodic boundary conditions demonstrate that the soliton keeps moving indefinitely long without any visible loss. Velocities of moving stable solitons are in good agreement with the analytical prediction, which is based on requiring a resonance between the ac drive and motion of the soliton through the periodic lattice. The generic dynamical regimes are mapped in the model's parameter space. Collisions between moving stable solitons are briefly investigated too, with a conclusion that two different outcomes are possible: elastic bounce, or bounce with mass transfer from one soliton to the other. The model can be realized experimentally in a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a deep optical lattice.

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Three-dimensional nonlinear lattices: from oblique vortices and octupoles to discrete diamonds and vortex cubes.

We construct a variety of novel localized topological structures in the 3D discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The states can be created in Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in strong optical lattices and crystals built of microresonators. These new structures, most of which have no counterparts in lower dimensions, range from multipole patterns and diagonal vortices to vortex "cubes" (stack of two quasiplanar vortices) and "diamonds" (formed by two orthogonal vortices).

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Necklacelike solitons in optically induced photonic lattices.

We report the first observation of stationary necklacelike solitons. Such necklace structures were realized when a high-order vortex beam was launched appropriately into a two-dimensional optically induced photonic lattice. Our theoretical results obtained with continuous and discrete models show that the necklace solitons resulting from a charge-4 vortex have a pi phase difference between adjacent "pearls" and are formed in an octagon shape. Their stability region is identified.

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Controlling the motion of dark solitons by means of periodic potentials: application to Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices.

We demonstrate that the motion of dark solitons (DSs) can be controlled by means of periodic potentials. The mechanism is realized in terms of cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a harmonic magnetic potential, in the presence of an optical lattice (OL). In the case when the OL period is comparable to the width of the DS, we demonstrate that (a) a moving dark soliton can be captured, switching on the OL, and (b) a stationary DS can be dragged by a moving OL.

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