[Nitrates and nitrates: nutritional impacts in the rat (author's transl)].
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Anemia↗
Biomedical subjects
P Fritsch
Publications and source records attributed to P Fritsch.
[Renewal of bronchial and pulmonary cells: a comprehensive review of recent information (author's transl)].
In the bronchi, the ultrastructural findings allow a schema to be established of proliferation-differentiation of basal cells, undifferentiated cells and mucus cells. In the bronchioles, the Clara cells or an immediate progenitor seem at the same time to play the role of stem cell for ciliated cells, mucus cells and brush cells. Same observations suggest that the bronchial and bronchiolar stem cells may produce neuro-secretary cells; the increase in neuro-secretary cells is a common enough phenomenon under the influence of numerous stimuli. No evidence of neuro-secretory cells dividing was observed. The histology and the kinetics of the cell population of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) are reviewed. In the parenchyma, the role of the pneumocyte in restoring epithelial cells to high concentrations of oxygen is also discussed. Throughout the literature and also in the authors' experience, attention is drawn to the lack of correlation between the inflammation cell septal infiltrate and the endo-alveolar population. The cytokinetics of the alveolar macrophages (MA) are reviewed and recent findings discussed, including the absence of maintained cell division of the MA, the recruitment of young cells, the heterogenous distribution in the tissues of actively mitotic macrophages and the role of chemotactic factors.
Aluminum↗
[The multiple hamartoma syndrome (Cowden syndrome)].
The multiple hamartoma syndrome is a genetic disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by an impressive diversity and multitude of both mesodermal and epithelial hamartomas and tumors of all organ systems. The dermatological hallmarks of this probably not too rare syndrome are lichenoid centrofacial and akral papular lesions and a marked papillomatosis of the entire oral mucosa of a highly characteristic morphology which usually extends throughout the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract. The importance of this syndrome is its frequent association with malignant tumors, predominantly carcinomas of the mammary and thyroid glands. In this paper, we describe the first three cases of the German literature. No malignancies were detected; in one case, a meningeoma causing severe increase of intracranial pressure was discovered.
Adult↗
[Salivary and biliary excretion of nitrates in the dog].
The salivary and biliary excretion of nitrates has been studied in dogs. We have administered intravenously [15N] sodium nitrate (51% enrichment) and we have studied its fate in blood, bile and saliva by estimation of NO3-, NO2- and 15N at the time of 0, 30 mn, 1 h and 3 h. This experimentation, made on 9 dogs, indicates a total absence from nitrites in blood, bile and saliva and confirms the existence of biliary excretion of nitrates. Last, the evolution of 15NO3 rates, measured by mass spectrography, indicates that salivary glands produce an important endogenous accumulation of nitrate ion.
Animals↗
[Nutritional and toxicologic impact of nitrates and nitrites administered chronically (6 months) in the rat].
It has been made a toxicological, nutritional and histological study of rats fed ad libitum, for six months, with a diet containing respectively (per 100 g of dry food): 0, 0,5 and 5% of NO3- ion and 0, 0,05 and 0,5% of NO2- ion. For each group of treated animals we have paired groups of control animals fed with a diet including the same doses of sodium as NaCl. At the highest dose studied, nitrates and nitrites induce a significative loss of weight during two first months of intoxication, but they do not impair noticeably the classic nutritional parameters of nitrogen metabolism, established at different periods of intoxication (0, 2, 4 and 6 months). Besides, dietary ingestion of relatively important quantities of NO3- and NO2- ions does not induce notable modifications of body composition and blood formula, showing an important adaptation of treated animals. Last, histological observations give evidence to a certain irritation (mucus, oedema) of the anterior section of digestive tract (especially stomach with nitrites), some attacks (essentially with nitrates) of thyroid gland (possible competition with iodine) and kidneys (increased diuresis); but the essential impact, with nitrates and nitrites, is situated at the spleen level, with an important liberation of iron and the trace of haemorrhagic zones, testifying to the chronic struggle of treated animals against methemoglobinemia.
Animals↗
[Netherton syndrome: weakened immunity, generalized verrucosis and carcinogenesis].
Two patients with Netherton's syndrome are presented who, in addition to the classical triad of trichorrhexis invaginata, ichthyosis linearis circumflexa and atopy, exhibit signs of reduced cellular immunity (negative skin tests to a battery of microbial antigens, impaired stimulation of lymphocytes with various mitogens and widespread viral warts resembling epidermodysplasia verruciformis). One patient had a squamous cell carcinoma possibly arising from a viral wart. It is suggested that Netherton's syndrome is part of the group of immunodeficiency syndromes with atopy-like symptoms.
Adult↗
[Unusual variants of blue naevi--a report of four cases (author's transl)].
This paper presents four unusual variants of blue naevus: a giant-sized blue naevus, a blue naevus assuming the clinical and histological appearance of a histiocytoma, a plaque-type blue naevus, and a pedunculated cellular blue naevus. Two of these lesions were studied at the ultrastructural level: in one case the dermal melanocytes contained malanosomes of all stages, thus documenting active melanin synthesis. In the other lesion, melanocytes of identical appearance were found in the superficial portions, whereas inactive melanocytes, densely packed with mature melanosomes, predominated in the deeper portions. It is concluded that blue naevi may vary considerably, both clinically and in histological appearance, as well as in regard to melanin synthesis activity.
Adult↗
[Increases in frequency of sister chromatid exchange following tumor grafts in different immunocompetent hosts].
Measurement of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) frequency of inbred Rat or nu/nu Mice bone marrow cells, following tumour grafts, have been developed. Increase of SCEs was observed in hosts which present or not metases and with reduced survival rates after malignant tumour grafts. These results suggest a remote control of tumoral tissue by a diffused matter effect.
Animals↗
Pure melanocyte cultures: differential serum requirements of guinea pig keratinocytes and melanocytes in primary epidermal cell cultures.
Contrary to melanocytes guinea pig keratinocytes do not attach and grow in primary epidermal cell cultures if plated in media containing guinea pig serum. This phenomenon is based on the low content or lack of guinea pig serum of a factor(s) promoting keratinocyte attachment. This factor, which is contained in fetal calf serum, binds to the keratinocyte cell surface and can be removed by trypsin. Guinea pig epidermal cell cultures plated in medium containing guinea pig serum therefore lead to pure or almost pure melanocyte cultures.
Animals↗
[Leukocyte migration toward the alveoli].
Migratory processes of leukocytes toward alveolus have been studied after intratracheal injection of aluminium or beryllium hydroxide. Migrating cells could only be observed during the first three days following the injection. Three migrating processes were pointed out and especially an emperipolesis phenomenon. This morphological observation and cytokinetic study of septal cells, exclude the existence of a precursor septal pool involved in a maturation process of alveolar macrophages.
Aluminum Hydroxide↗
[The renewal of pulmonary cells].
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Animals↗
Effect of nitrites and nitrates on irrigation and secretion of gastric mucosa in rat.
An aspect of the vasomotor effect of nitrites and nitrates was studied by investigating the influence of these substances on the mucosal blood flow and hence on gastric secretion in the rat. Firstly, point measurements were obtained using an aminopyrine clearance technique after intravenous nitrite and nitrate treatment. Then with an appreciably different technique (14C-aniline clearance on perfused stomach) the kinetics of the phenomenon were followed after, firstly, intravenous administration of the two agents and secondly their intragastric administration. It is interesting to note that nitrites and nitrates are active to differing degrees and present opposing effects: nitrites decrease whereas nitrates globally enhance the factors under consideration (gastric mucosal blood flow, gastric juice volume, acory effect and cuase no modification on intragastric administration. The flow rate-gastric parameter correlations are significant in all cases and show modifications of the aqueous compartments of the body.
Aminopyrine↗
Keratinocyte substrate adhesion is magnesium-dependent and calcium-independent.
Primary cell cultures were prepared from guinea pig epidermis and six days old mice kidneys and hearts. Along with subcultures of Hep cells, plating experiments were performed using media devoid of bivalent cations containing dialzyed fetal calf serum. Upon stepwise supplementation with either calcium ++ or magnesium ++, keratinocytes displayed a unique dependency on magnesium ++ for cell attachment, whereas all other cell types could make use of either of these ions. Melanocytes, being a minority component of the epidermal cell population, do not conform to the predilection of keratinocytes for magnesium ++. Epidermal cell cultures prepared in media containing only calcium ++, therefore, result in pure melanocyte cultures.
Animals↗
Localization and composition of lipids in neonatal mouse stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.
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Animals↗
5-Methoxypsoralen (Bergapten) in photochemotherapy of psoriasis.
5-Methoxypsoralen (5-MOP, Bergapten) was evaluated as a potential photosensitizing drug in oral photochemotherapy of psoriasis. Treatment results indicate that (1) 5-MOP is as effective as, and in high doses more effective than, 8-methoxypsoralen in clearing psoriatic lesions; (2) therapeutic doses of 5-MOP do not lead to erythema; the acute side-effects of 8-MOP PUVA therapy--erythema, blistering, pruritus--are thus avoided; (3) even high doses of 5-MOP are not followed by nausea. 5-MOP PUVA therapy thus represents a real alternative to 8-MOP PUVA, its advantages over 8-MOP PUVA being greater safety and patient acceptance.
Drug Administration Schedule↗
[Absorption kinetics of nitrate and nitrite in the intestine of rats (author's transl)].
In situ perfusions into the small intestine of rats showed the absorption kinetics of nitrate and nitrite. This absorption is important since the rate rises to 50% for nitrates and 80% for nitrites in our experimental conditions. These compounds are excreted in the biliary secretion and, with the nitrate perfusions, nitrite appearance in the perfusion medium indicates some reduction potentiality either in the liver or in the entero-cells. These results are all the more interesting as men daily ingest nitrates and nitrites with many foods.
Animals↗
[Photochemotherapy of psoriasis: increasing its effectiveness with an oral aromatic retinoid (clinical results in 134 patients) (author's transl)].
The effectiveness of photochemotherapy can be substantially increased by the concomitant administration of an oral aromatic retinoid. 134 patients with severe plaque-type or palmoplantar psoriasis were given various combined treatment schedules. In the initial (clearing) phase a significant synergistic effect was achieved if retinoid administration was started before photochemotherapy, and if the dose was 1.0 mg/kg body-weight. This shortened by half the time required in a control group given photochemotherapy alone (7.7 +/- 4.5 irradiation sessions within 14.1 +/- 8.6 days), and reduction of the total UVA energy necessary for complete clearing to one third (32.4 +/- 40.0 J/cm2). After clearing the patients received standard photochemotherapy maintanance treatment. The incidence of relapses observed during a 10-month follow-up was the same as that in patients cleared and maintained with photochemotherapy alone. Short courses of retinoid treatment in addition to photochemotherapy were highly effective in clearing patients who had failed to do so or had not been maintained in a cleared state on standard photochemotherapy.
Administration, Oral↗
[Staphylococcal toxic epidermal necrolysis].
Staphylococcal toxic epidermal necrolysis is a well defined disease and can be ideally reproduced in a mouse model. It is due to the action of a staphylococcal exotoxin (exfoliatin) which is produced by phage group2 staphylococci. Exfoliatin acts on a hitherto unknown target site which is likely to be located in the cell membrane of keratinocytes of the subgranular layer. Sensitivity to exfoliatin is common to only few mammals and appears to be genetically determined. Exfoliatin leads to loss of intercellular adherence resulting in acantholysis; cellular morphology and function remains unimpaired. The action of exfoliatin on the epidermis is not influenced by serum factors nor by the mesenchyme. It is also not age dependent although adult humans as well as adult mice do not develop systemic disease. This is due to suppression of growth of staphylococci and rapid renal excretion of exfoliatin in the mature, immunologically competent organism.
Age Factors↗