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Biomedical subjects

P Friedman

Publications and source records attributed to P Friedman.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Effects of three antibiotics on theophylline kinetics.

Nine healthy subjects received single doses of intravenous aminophylline (5 mg/kg) on four occasions separated by at least 1 wk. One trial was a control; the other three were performed during administration of therapeutic doses (250 mg every 6 hr) of tetracycline, erythromycin, and cephalexin. Theophylline concentrations in multiple plasma samples drawn during 24 hr after each dose were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Mean kinetic variables for theophylline during control, tetracycline, erythromycin, and cephalexin trials, respectively, were: volume of distribution, 0.57, 0.61, 0.63, and 0.62 l/kg; elimination half-life (t1/2), 7.9, 9.2, 10.3, and 8.6 hr; total clearance, 0.90, 0.84, 0.78, and 0.89 ml/min/kg. In no case did differences between treatment conditions approach significance. Thus there is no consistent evidence of a kinetic interaction between theophylline and three commonly prescribed antibiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Pseudolearners in discrimination reversal.

This research investigated the shape of the acquisition and reversal functions in retardates' discrimination learning, with safeguards against suspected artifacts in other studies. A modified Wisconsin General Test Apparatus was used with 60 retardates in a 2 X 2 factorial design. Another 11 were classified as pseudolearners. The variables were the prereversal criteria and the number of irrelevant dimensions. After meeting criterion subjects were given 30 more trials for the detection of pseudolearners, but all received reversal training. Performance was stationary in both acquisition and reversal, suggesting all-or-none learning. For learners, differences of midreversal plateaus appeared which were opposite to predictions of the Zeaman and House (1963) theory. When pseudolearners were included, however, the plateau effect partially conformed to the theory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A new in vivo method for quantitatively evaluating local anesthetics.

A method utilizing the reflex contraction of the retractor muscle of the hamster cheek pouch was developed to evaluate onset and duration of blockade produced by a local anesthetic agent infiltrated into or absorbed through the pouch epithelium. It provides a quantitative measure of reflex tension developed by the muscle as a function of afferent nerve conductivity in the pouch. The method is based upon the fact that when the pouch is everted activation of the retractor muscle results in the pouch being pulled toward the oral cavity. The method was validated by comparing the results with those obtained with other animal models and clinical trials. Ketocaine, an experimental drug, was evaluated for its efficacy as a local anesthetic when administered topically. In its present formulation the long latency of onset of blockade renders it impractical for clinical use.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1978

Atherosclerosis and the hypoplastic aortoiliac system.

Between January, 1965, and December, 1975, 204 patients (138 men and 66 women) underwent aortoiliac reconstruction for atherosclerotic occlusive disease. Eighteen patients (9%) had a hypoplastic aortoiliac segment and an analysis of these 18 patients constitutes the basis of this report. There were 17 women and one man, and their ages ranged from 28 to 60 years, with an average of 43 years. Hyperlipidema was present in nine of 13 patients tested. All patients were heavy cigarrete smokers and had lower extremity claudication with weak or absent pulses. Carotid or subclavian artery disease was found in 50%. Angiography demonstrated hypoplasia of the aorta distal to the renal arteries with either occlusion, diffuse narrowing, or, most often, an "hourglass" stenosis. The iliac and femoral arteries also were narrowed. Reconstruction was achieved primarily by aortobilateral-iliac or femoral bypass. There were no operative deaths and all patients were improved initially. It appears that normally occurring atherosclerosis in this portion of the aorta, along with congenital narrowing, accounts for symptoms at an early age. The predominence in women is a puzzle. The prognosis does not appear to be too grim. This may be due to absence of diabetes mellitus and the infrequency of coronary artery disease. All patients are still alive; there has been one major amputation following graft infection 1 1/2 years after operation. When progression of atherosclerosis occurs, it seems to involve the superficial femoral, carotid, and subclavian arteries.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Embolization and surgical excision of giant arterio-venous malformation.

A case of a giant arteriovenous malformation involving almost the entire dominant hemisphere in a 32-year-old white male with progressive neurologic deterioration, presumbaly due to cerebral steal, is described. Special management included surgical intravascular embolization with latex spheres. and at a later date, resection of the arteriovenous malformation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Relationship of clinician feedback to child initiated verbalization during language training.

A systematic observational procedure was used to obtain frequency counts of client and clinician initiated interchanges and clinician feedback during these interchanges. Repeated recordings were made of eight different speech pathologists interacting with two groups of four preschool children. Child responses to clinician initiated interchanges received significantly more positive feedback than child initiated verbalizations to the clinician. However, considerable variation among clinicians was found both in the frequency of spontaneous verbalizations by their clients and their reaction to this verbalization. Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that the type and amount of clinician feedback for client initiated verbalizations was significantly related to the frequency of these utterances to the clinician, but not to other children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retention of patients who entered methadone maintenance via an interim methadone clinic.

Time in treatment is considered an important predictor of good outcomes for drug abuse treatment. Patient retention would be of particular concern for low-service types of treatment. Interim methadone maintenance was developed as an alternative to waiting lists and as a method of providing HIV risk-reduction services to heroin addicts waiting for treatment, and does not include the regular counseling required in comprehensive methadone treatment. This analysis compares the retention of patients first admitted to an interim methadone clinic versus that of patients admitted directly to a comprehensive methadone clinic. The two groups did not differ with regard to demographic characteristics and drug of abuse at the time of admission. The two groups did not differ with respect to demographics. The three-, six-, and 12-month retention rates of patients first admitted to the interim clinic were 78%, 69%, and 62%, respectively. The three-, six-, and 12-month retention rates for patients admitted directly to a traditional methadone clinic were 84%, 76%, and 68%, respectively. Life-table analysis revealed that the two groups did not differ significantly with regard to retention (p = 0.17). Interim treatment does not appear to adversely affect overall retention in treatment. Three- and six-month retention rates of interim clinic patients fall within the range of six-month nationwide retention rates reported by the GAO. Factors associated with discharge from treatment are examined for both groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the nasal septum: a case report emphasizing clinical correlation.

Chondromyxoid fibromas are uncommon tumors most often seen in long bones of adolescent and young males. Involvement of craniofacial bones is extremely unusual, with sporadic case reports described in the literature. We describe the first case of chondromyxoid fibroma arising in the nasal septum with local destruction and expansile growth into the ethmoid bone and inferior turbinate in a 60-year-old female. The fortuitous discovery of this otherwise asymptomatic lesion and its follow-up are detailed. The literature is reviewed and salient clinical, radiographic, and pathologic correlative findings are emphasized.

Chondroblastoma↗