Ectopic thyroid gland simulating a submandibular tumor.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
P Franz
Publications and source records attributed to P Franz.
Melanocytes in the modiolus of the guinea pig cochlea.
The cochleae of pigmented and albinotic guinea pigs aged 6-8 weeks were examined by electron microscopy for melanocytes in the modiolus. Two different types of melanocyte were observed: i) The first (Type A) was characterized by spherical, uniformly pigmented stage IV melanosomes. No signs of melanogenesis were seen in this perivascular pigment cell form, which is found mainly in the region of the cochlear plexus. ii) The second, very rarely observed type of melanocyte (Type B) was characterized by fusiform to oval melanosomes in various stages of maturation. Connective tissue cells containing fusiform to oval melanosomes enclosed in membrane-bound vacuoles were frequently found. These two types can be regarded as corresponding to uveal (Type A) and dermal (Type B) melanocytes. The connective tissue of the cochlear plexus seems to be derived from the leptomeninx.
Animals↗
Audiological performance with cochlear reimplantation from analogue single-channel implants to digital multi-channel devices.
Cochlear implantation has been performed for almost two decades at the Vienna University Hospital. Until 1994, single-channel implants were used (Ball-Electrode, SC6/2SC6, Vienna/Epoxy, Med-E1, Innsbruck, Austria). The development of multi-channel devices (Combi 40/40+), which provide significantly improved speech recognition performance, led to the reimplantation of some patients who had previously received single-channel implants. It was of particular interest to find out if there was a deterioration of the central "learning process" by the reimplantation from the analogue single-channel device to the tonotopic pulsatile multi-channel stimulation. In this study, we attempted to demonstrate that single-channel implants have an impact on the neural organisation of the auditory system. Two groups of post-lingually deaf adult patients were tested. Group A had previously received single-channel implants and were reimplanted with the new Combi 40/40+ cochlear implant (Med-E1, Innsbruck, Austria) in the same ear. Group B was implanted only with the Combi 40/40+. Six different speech recognition tests were subsequently performed on all patients, and the two groups performed similarly. Furthermore, it was discovered that group A obtained significant speech recognition improvement (p<0.05) with monosyllabic words and number tests 1 month following reimplantation.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Hearing performance in noise of cochlear implant patients versus severely-profoundly hearing-impaired patients with hearing aids.
It is possible for most post-lingually deaf patients to attain significant open speech recognition following cochlear implantation. In contrast, many severely-profoundly sensorineural hearing-impaired patients receive no benefit from their hearing aids, especially in situations with background noise. The aim of the study was to evaluate the speech recognition ability in quiet and in noise of post-lingually deaf adults implanted with Combi 40/40+ cochlear implants versus severely-profoundly sensorineural hearing-impaired patients fitted with hearing aids. For this purpose, we tested two groups of patients: one that had received cochlear implants (n=22) and a group of subjects with severe-profound sensorineural hearing impairment, fitted with hearing aids (n = 15). All of the patients were tested using the Hochmaier, Schultz, and Moser Discrimination Test in quiet and noise. The results of the study demonstrate that most of our cochlear implant patients received a substantial benefit from their implant, achieving scores of 70 to 100 per cent (mean, 90 per cent) for the numbers test and 10 to 72 per cent (mean, 43 per cent) for the monosyllable test 1 year after implantation. Even in situations with background noise, scores of 1 to 99 per cent (mean, 45.65 per cent) for a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of +15 dB 1 year following the implantation improved to 7 to 95 per cent (mean, 50.7 per cent) at 2 years and 8 to 99 per cent (mean, 60 per cent) at 3 years after implantation. These results are significantly (p<0.04) superior to the hearing aid patients' scores of 1 to 64.2 per cent (mean, 26.7 per cent) for a SNR of 15 dB. The results of the present study may have clinical implications in regard to selection of candidates for cochlear implantation.
Adult↗
[Environmental factors in sociologic theories of aging: an empirical test of the environmental theory of aging by J. F. Gubrium].
The limited explanatory potential of established sociological theories of aging has led to a more thorough examination of ecological approaches by social gerontologists in the last years. In this article, J. F. Gubrium's environmental theory of aging is explicated and tested as a typical representative of the ecological approach. Two independent test strategies result in a rejection of the theory by the data. Some reflections about the importance of environmental factors in social gerontological theories follow.
Aging↗
[Spatial segregation of old people in West German cities].
The presented segregation analysis of the spatial segregation of the aged produces differentiated segregation data of eight large cities of the Federal Republic of Germany for the first time. The investigations confirms the hypothesis that people who are older than 65 are the mostly segregated age group of the population. There is a trend of a longitudinal rising of segregation between 1950 and 1970. The registered high concentration of old people of lower SES in renovation-needy town areas underlines an actual important problem of town-planning politics.
Adolescent↗