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Biomedical subjects

P Fréour

Publications and source records attributed to P Fréour.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Smoking habits in France among general practitioners and the general male population over a twenty-five year period (1966-1991)].

Epidemiological surveys are presented regarding smoking habits among two populations: the general practitioners in France since 1966 to 1991 and the general population of adult men in the same period of time. We add some European and foreign surveys in the same groups of population. These data show a regular and rather slow reduction of percentage of smokers during the last 25 years. We can see, in general, the behaviour of the general practitioners are in advance comparing with the general population of ten to twenty years. If we compare the French data with the foreign one we can see that France is not in a very good situation regarding the decreasing tendency of smoking among the general practitioners and in the general population. This study justify the strengthening of the fight against smoking among adults and doctors. We remind that the very roots of the tabagism are in the youth: specific studies might take in account this core problem.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Smoking habits and attitudes of medical students towards smoking and antismoking campaigns in nine Asian countries. The Tobacco and Health Committee of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases.

As part of a world survey of the habits, knowledge and attitudes of medical students regarding tobacco we report a study in 15 medical schools from nine Asian countries. Some 1646 first year and 1587 final year students were included, of whom 59% were male. The prevalence of daily smoking in males was 4% in first year and 11% in final year; of occasional smoking 18% and 24% respectively, both with considerable variations between countries. The rates were very low in women. Male exsmokers varied from 3% to 24% in different centres. Overall, 33% of smokers had made a serious attempt to quit; 44% expected to have succeeded within 5 years. Over 80% of non- or exsmokers, but only 60% of smokers, thought smoking was harmful to health. There was gross underestimation of tobacco's causal role in a number of important diseases, e.g. coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, emphysema, bladder cancer and neonatal mortality. There were notable defects both in training and in motivation to counsel smoking patients. There was only partial knowledge of legislative and other measures to discourage smoking, e.g. only 44% of final year students (26% of smokers) thought increased taxation an important measure. In knowledge and attitudes there was little difference between the sexes, but in most aspects smokers had notably lower scores.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Sequential administration of a reduced dose of almitrine to patients with chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies. A controlled multicenter study].

Recent multi-centre studies have shown that high doses of Almitrine (100-200 mg per day), lead to a significant improvement in the hypoxaemia of patients presenting with chronic airflow obstruction, but that a high blood level (greater than 500 ng/ml) is often seen after 1 year, sometimes associated with signs of peripheral neuropathy. In order to maintain Almitrine blood levels in the range 200-300 ng/ml we have used an intermittent regime (with a "window" of 1 month every 3 months) and a dose limited to 100 mg per day. 102 hypoxic patients with chronic airflow obstruction, who were in a stable state were included. 65 patients were in the Almitrine group (A) and 37 patients in the placebo group (P). The treatment lasted for 1 year. In addition there was a 3 monthly follow up with arterial blood gases and spirometry, a clinical neurological examination and also electrophysiology, initially and after 6 and 12 months. 43% of patients in group A and 32% of patients in group P, left the study, most often due to poor cooperation, but sometimes as a result of side effects. After 12 months the PaO2 rose significantly in group A from 59.1 +/- 0.7 to 65.8 +/- 1.6 mmHg (p less than 0.001) whilst it was not changed in group P. The PaCO2 did not change in either group. On the other hand there was a significant fall in the subgroup of patients with hypercapnia in group A (p less than 0.001). The outcome of the neurological and electrophysiological assessments did not show any significant difference between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The role of medical associations against smoking.

Smoking is a medical concern. Doctors were the first to recognize the health hazards of smoking. So far, the knowledge of doctors concerning smoking is not really good and their attitude against smoking is not adequate. To change the attitude of doctors, it is necessary to modify the curriculum, multiply publications, intervene through the media, and create medical associations. The role of medical associations is to assess knowledge and attitudes; to reply to a lack of knowledge; to assess how people react; to motivate smokers to quit smoking; and to participate in preventive measures in information and education. The members of associations should be models of nonsmokers. They could also be associated with health workers. The members of such associations should intervene to improve regulations and legislations against smoking.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

[Passive smoking: from annoyance to disease, an unrecognized risk taken into account].

The I.S. is an uncontestable health hazard. Carboxy-hemoglobin and cotinine are present in biologic fluids of the non smoking people exposed to I.S. The health hazard is important among young children. The excess of lung cancer mortality among non smokers exposed to I.S. is today well known. Legislation and regulation might be completed and applied in public places. Specific measures might be decided and applied in the workplaces. In the family, parents might be educated to take in account the risk of I.S. for their children.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[French medical students and tobacco].

This is a pilot study by UICTMR on smoking habits in medical students carried out in five countries before a world study is undertaken. Smoking habits are already established for first year medical students and for fifth year medical students of both sexes. Cessation of smoking, however, is common in the young. One smoker in two hopes to stop. Knowledge of the dangers of smoking is reasonably good. However the study shows, above all, that students have not integrated into the medical field the education about and prevention of smoking, and they appear limited in their openness to the broader conceptions of Public Health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Definition of asthma.

The limitations of clinical definitions of asthma which focus on the symptoms and signs of an acute attack of asthma are discussed. Implicit in such definitions is a research interest focused on the immediate causes of an attack. This is the final expression of a whole sequence of events and to fully understand the natural history of asthma requires the development of a broader definition of asthma. Atopy, bronchial hyperreactivity and neuropsychiatric aspects of the condition are identified as the major aspects of the natural history of asthma requiring detailed investigation.

Asthma↗
PubMed1986

[The psychological universe of the asthmatic].

The very nature of asthmatic attacks is alarming. Waiting for an attack in itself creates anxiety. The unpredictable nature of the condition is also anxiety producing. However, this type of anxiety is not simple and the patient's attitude to it is often ambiguous. Asthmatic patients do not have a specific type of personality but a neurotic and psychosomatic context is common. By psychosomatic we mean reactional behaviour to the disease rather than "psychogenesis" of attacks, although emotional factors are often observed. Asthmatic patients do not live alone. They live in an environment which affects them and which is affected by them: a special psychodynamic relationship is set up, especially in young patients, and not to recognise it would be to ignore part of the patient and of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Alcohol and the lung. Anatomical and functional consequences].

The noxious effects of alcohol on the body are multiple. The lung is also a target organ in chronic alcoholic intoxication. The effects on the respiratory system may be divided into two groups: lowering of the defense functions of the respiratory system, especially to micro-organisms and a general depression of the immune system; decreased respiratory function sometimes associated with pronounced hypoxemia and decreased affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen especially during exercise. These patients have been shown to have an increased cardiac output, decreased pulmonary artery pressures and increased alveolar-capillary oxygen gradients, suggesting a porto-pulmonary shunt. From a practical point of view, hypoxemia in the alcoholic patients should not be misdiagnosed, since they can be functionally improved by domiciliary oxygen therapy.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗