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Biomedical subjects

P Fournier

Publications and source records attributed to P Fournier.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and retinal tear with intravitreous hemorrhage].

A retrospective study was conducted on a series of 28 eyes with primary retinal tears associated with vitreous hemorrhage. At initial presentation, the retina was detached in 17 eyes and attached in 11. In the series of eyes with an attached retina, the vitreous hemorrhage was massive in 5 eyes (45%), the average number of retinal tears was 1.36. All eyes showed a retinal tear located in the upper quadrants. Three patients (27%) experienced recurrent vitreous hemorrhage after sealing of the retinal tears. In the series of eyes with a detached retina, the vitreous hemorrhage was massive in 5 eyes (29%) and the average number of retinal tears was 1.9. The retinal detachment was located in the upper quadrants in 16 eyes (94%). Clinical evidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy was noted, at initial presentation, in 6 eyes (35%). Permanent retinal reattachment was achieved in only 12 eyes (70%). All surgical failures were related to proliferative vitreoretinopathy. In the present series the prognosis of primary retinal tears with significant vitreous hemorrhage was guarded because of recurrent vitreous hemorrhages. The prognosis of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with significant vitreous hemorrhage at initial presentation was guarded because of the high incidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Effects of beta-lactamases on the antibacterial activity of carumonam and aztreonam against Klebsiella sp. in comparison with 4 other beta-lactams].

Carumonam and aztreonam are two similar monocyclic beta lactam antibiotics. We have studied their antibacterial activities on Klebsiella, in comparison with cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cefotetan and imipenem. In the case of K. pneumoniae (53 strains) the antibacterial activities of the two monobactams are very similar. On the contrary, with K. oxytoca (22 strains) carumonam is significantly more active. This situation seems to be justified by an improved stability of carumonam to beta lactamases. In addition, the antibacterial activities of imipenem and of cephamycins remain quite constant within all the strains. Then the antibacterial activity of cefotaxime is fluctuant, which is in relation with a clear susceptibility to the Klebsiella beta lactamases.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Evolution of the functional properties of pyruvate kinase isozymes: pyruvate kinase L from Rana pipiens.

The regulatory properties of type L pyruvate kinase from Rana pipiens are intermediate between those of the mammalian K and L isozymes. As with mammalian type L, the levels of the frog isozyme are affected by the animal's nutritional state. The mammalian and amphibian isozymes show similar sensitivities to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate activation and amino acid inhibition. By contrast, the frog L isozyme shares several properties of the K class: i.e. irreversible inactivation by oxidized glutathione and lack of response to a cyclic AMP stimulated phosphorylation. Furthermore, as for some mammalian K isozymes, frog type L shows a high PEP affinity and a low cooperativity of PEP binding. Insofar as the properties of this present day enzyme reflect those of its counterpart in the amphibian ancestor of higher vertebrates, our results suggest that at its first expression, the type L resembled the type K. Many important regulatory properties of the L isozyme, especially the sensitivity to phosphorylation, were acquired more recently perhaps in association with an increased importance of constant blood glucose.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Heterogeneity in the ribosomal family of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica: genomic organization and segregation studies.

The cloned r-DNA units of Yarrowia lipolytica [Van Heerikhuizen et al., 39 (1985) 213-222] and their restriction fragments have been used to probe blots of genomic DNA of this yeast. Wild-type and laboratory strains were shown to contain two-to-five types of repeated units, each strain displaying a specific pattern. By comparing their restriction patterns, we could localize the differences between units within their spacer region. Tetrad analysis strongly suggested a clustered organization of each type of repeat as well as the occurrence of meiotic exchanges within the r-DNA family. Chromosome loss was induced by benomyl and allowed to map several r-DNA clusters on the same chromosome. All those results indicate that the Y. lipolytica r-DNA gene family is quite different from other yeasts.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1985

Heterogeneity in the ribosomal RNA genes of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica; cloning and analysis of two size classes of repeats.

Southern blotting of DNA from the ascomycetous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica revealed two major size classes of DNA units coding for rRNAs, which differ in length by about 1000 bp. We have cloned an rDNA unit of each size class. R-looping experiments revealed that the rRNA genes of both units are uninterrupted; subsequent heteroduplex analysis showed that the size difference both units is located within the nontranscribed spacer. Sequence analysis revealed that a major part of these spacers consists of a complex pattern of repetitions in periodicities of up to about 150 bp and that the difference between both rDNA units are located mainly in this repetitive region. Apart from different lengths of the repetitive regions, both rDNA units also reveal extended microheterogeneity within their homologous parts. Furthermore, no gene for 5S rRNA was observed in the spacer region. Therefore, the organization of the spacer of Yarrowia rDNA is clearly different from that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1985

[Computerized analysis of activity profiles of beta-lactams].

This study was designed to compare the in vitro activities of recent cephalosporins and other beta-lactams. One of our objectives was to determine whether the microbiologist could use a single cephalosporin for routine antibiotic sensitivity testing. All the strains studied were recovered from outpatients. Sensitivity and/or resistance were evaluated by MIC determination, according to a program developed in our laboratory, using a personal computer. Using special programs, patterns of activities of beta-lactams were determined quantitatively and graphically for each bacterial strain tested. For most strains ceftriaxone, and to a lesser extent moxalactam and cefoperazone, exhibited greater antibacterial activity than the other beta-lactams, except against group D streptococci. For Enterobacteriaceae, cefadroxil is satisfactory in screening for in vitro activity of cephalosporins.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Enterocyte microvillus can phosphorylate molecules which inhibit endogenous phosphorylation of its proteins.

D- and L-amino acids (arginine, lysine) and hydroxylated molecules (sorbitol, ethyl-ethanolamine), all of which increase the intestinal transfer of calcium, are phosphorylated by jejunal and ileal microvilli. All these molecules inhibit the endogenous phosphorylation of microvilli proteins. D- and L-valine, which are not phosphorylated in the same conditions, have no effect on the phosphorylation of microvilli proteins. These observations are in good agreement with the scheme previously proposed for the increase of calcium intestinal transfer by L-lysine: phosphorylation of L-lysine by mucous membrane may interfere with that of membrane proteins, the phosphorylation of which would lower the permeability to that cation. Autoradiographies of the electrophoretogram show that the principal phosphorylable microvilli proteins have the same electrophoretic properties as those of the dimer and the monomer of alkaline phosphatase from the same intestinal loci. The ability of the enzyme to be phosphorylated and its well-known transphosphorylating activity upon hydroxylated molecules suggest that it could, in different ways, affect intestinal transfer of calcium.

Amino Acids↗