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Biomedical subjects

P Fossati

Publications and source records attributed to P Fossati.

285 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Insulin and the metabolism of lipoproteins].

In normal individuals, insulin regulates lipoprotein metabolism. It increases hepatic triglycerides (TG) secretion and makes VLDL and chylomicrons post prandial removal easy by stimulating adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Insulin activity and cholesterol rich lipoprotein is more complicated: by its action on VLDL and chylomicrons turn-over, it influences LDL and HDL formation. It regulates cellular cholesterol pool at different levels: stimulation of LDL receptor, but also of HMG CoA reductase. Controlling LCAT, in participates in cholesterol removal by HDL. In insulin dependent diabetes, lack of adipose tissue LPL stimulation augments triglycerid-rich lipoproteins, by slowing their catabolism, resulting in a weak increase of LDL and a lowering of HDL. In non insulin dependent diabetes with hyperinsulinism, VLDL are elevated because of insulin stimulation of triglycerid hepatic production. LDL are increasing. HDL status remains discussed: HDL cholesterol is low but HDL triglycerid is high, there is no known disturbance of apo A level. In the two types of diabetes, although mechanism is different, perturbation of lipoprotein metabolism may account for the atherogenicity of this disorders.

Cholesterol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical treatment of Graves' disease : a survey (author's transl)].

A follow up study of 63 patients treated by subtotal thyroidectomy for diffuse toxic goitre was reported. The patients were operated when they were euthyroid, after a prolonged treatment with carbimazole and a short one with iodide solution. Only 3 or 4 g. of thyroid tissue remained after surgery. No serious complication, specially ocular, was seen. No patient was hyperthyroid 6 months after surgery and only one relapsed after 2 years. Hypothyroidism was observed in 35 % of cases within the 6 months after surgery and was increased up to 50 % after 5 years.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nutrition survey assisted by computer].

Data processing has made data banks available to the nutritionist, enabled rapid conversion of food data, and supplied detailed even commented listings of eating behaviour. Until now, however, use of the computer has remained the privilege of the dietician. A conversational data programme employing a microcomputer has been developed, enabling patients to establish a dialogue with the calculator, with storage of data concerning their food habits. A double food survey was conducted in 93 adult subjects, one of which involved the dieticians from ISTA, and the other the computer. Good correlation was found between the two estimates of calorific rations (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001) and nutriments. Deviations between the two estimates were less than 20 p. cent in the majority (80 p. cent) of cases. Psychological questioning confirmed the good reception reserved for this type of computerized survey, whatever the initial reservations held against data processing. Performances were not altered by the sociocultural level of the persons surveyed. This type of interactive programme should lead to simplification of the food anamesis, thus favorizing the communication and the counselling role of the nutritionist. It can also be of value in the framework of epidemiological surveys or education of nutrition.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Inhibition of prolactin release by methysergide and bromocriptine in hyperprolactinemic subjects: comparative dynamic studies (author's transl)].

Reduction of hyperprolactinemia by Methysergide (4.4 mg p.o.) and Bromocriptine (2.5 ng p.o.) was studied in 20 patients (7 subjects with pituitary macroadenoma and 13 hyperprolactinemic patients with normal sella turcica). No difference was observed between the effects of the two drugs 4 hours after their administration, with and without respect of the aetiologies of hyperprolactinemia. However the serum prolactin levels were significantly lower 6 hours (n = 11 p = 0,01) and 12 hours (n = 10 p less than 0,01) after Bromocriptine than after methysergide. The difference observed between the two drugs seems to be inherent to their different half-lives.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Deficits in memory retrieval: an argument in favor of frontal subcortical dysfunction in depression].

UNLABELLED: While numerous studies have objective quantitative and qualitative deficits of memory in depressed patients, the mechanisms of these impairments are not well established. The study reported here was designed to assess encoding and retrieval processes in depression and to define the specific nature of memory failure associated with this disorder. METHODS: Ten inpatients with major depression responding to DSM III-R criteria and ten normal controls were included in this study. All subjects were assessed with a neuropsychological battery including: a) subtests of Weschsler memory scale (digit span, logical memory); b) verbal fluency (letter); c) two tasks assessing executive functions (cognitive estimate, Nelson's test); d) two explicit tasks of verbal learning (California Verbal Learning Test and Grober & Buschke's procedure) which measure memory performance in various conditions of encoding (incidental vs controlled) and of recollection (free recall, cued recall and recognition). Severity of depression was assessed with the MADRS and the Retardation Rating Scale for Depression. RESULTS: Although there was no difference between patients and controls on digit span and logical memory tasks, depressed patients exhibited a deficit in verbal learning with CVLT and Grober & Buschke's procedure. On California Verbal Learning Test, depressive subjects performed poorly in free recall and demonstrated poor consistency. Patients show free recall improvement across trials 1 or 5 and this learning effect didn't differ from controls. Score of patients and controls on cued recall and recognition were at the same level. Grober & Buschke's procedure confirmed these results. Despite a control of encoding processes during the initial presentation of the words, free recall measure revealed significant difference between groups. Like controls, patients recalled almost all items when semantic cues was provided and their recognition results showed a ceiling effect. Consistency indexes of free recall and cued recall differed significantly between groups. Verbal fluency and frontal tasks didn't allow to distinguish the depressive patients from controls. DISCUSSION: Depressive subjects exhibited a deficit in free recall and poor consistency while cued recall and recognition were normal. Patient's results in free recall are characterized by difficulties in planning and in maintaining retrieval strategies. These findings suggest that memory failure in depression could reflect an impairment in retrieval processes depending on executive functions controlled by the subcortical structures.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prolactinemia in primary hypothyroïdism : basal and dynamic studies--signification of galactorrhea associated with myxedema (author's transl)].

PRL and TSH were measured by radioimmuno-assay in 14 persons wth myxoedema aged 16 to 65 years. Three of them had galactorrhea. In 13 patients the circadian rhythm of PRL was studied, and in 8 patients PRL was measured after TRH administration. All these patients have a high value of serum TSH, with a mean value +/- SEM of 29,4 (24,3 - 35,6) mU/ml. Values of serum PRL were comprised in normal ranges with a mean value +/- SEM of 126(196 - 238) mU/ml. The circadian rhythm of PRL is not altered, since mean values of serum PRL are more elevated at 4 am than 8 am with highly statistical significance. After THR administration the PRL response is normal or exaggerated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of the action of bromocriptine in hyperprolactinemic states. Results of a cooperative trial in 135 patients].

The therapeutic activity of bromocriptine mesilate (CB 154) was studied in a coooperative trial over a period of three months and using the same protocol in eleven different centres. 126 women and 9 men were studied. All had hyperprolactinaemia associated either with gonadal insufficiency-amenorrhoea/galactorrhoea syndrome (102 cases), isolated amenorrhoea (8 cases), impotence (6 cases), or to galactorrhoea with in certain men gynaecomastia. 32 patients had previously undergone removal of a pituitary adenoma, but had a normal response to the administration of LH-RH. Of the 106 untreated patients, only 36 had tumour-like deformities of the sella turcica. Under the effects of treatment, blood prolactin levels fell in all cases exception 4 and returned to normal in 66% of patients. The average value fell from 197 +/- 19 to 36.8 +/- 3.4 ng/ml (p less than 0.001). Spontaneous and provoked galactorrhoea regressed in 100% and 75% of cases respectively. Ovarian function reappeared in 89.4% of cases, with 32 pregnancies occurring during the 3 months period. Gynaecomastia and impotence responded in approximately half the men. The effectiveness of treatment was independent of the duration of the disorder (ranging from a few months to five years), the initial prolactin level and the radiological state of the sella turcica. Tolerance was satisfactory apart from transient problems (essentially digestive) occurring during the first days of treatment. In case of pregnancy, careful repeated studies of the sella turcica and visual fields are needed in order to detect possible growth of underlying pituitary adenomas or micro-adenomas.

Amenorrhea↗