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Biomedical subjects

P Faure

Publications and source records attributed to P Faure.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Influence of the granulocyte growth factor on the cost of bone marrow autografts in oncologic hematology].

OBJECTIVE: It is now possible to achieve prolonged remission of malignant lymphoma and certain cancers with high-dose chemotherapy followed by autograft with haematopoietic stem cells. We tested such a protocol, evaluating haematologic recovery, in order to determine the total cost of hospitalization. METHODS: Sixteen patients were included in the study, 7 had severe or relapsing lymphoma, 7 had breast cancer or cancer of the ovary and 2 had cancer of the testicule. Mean age was 34 years, 14 patients reached complete remission and relapse occurred in 2. Ten patients were given granulocyte growth factor and 6 were given a placebo. RESULTS: The duration of aplasia (number of days with a white cell count below 1 x 10(9)1) ranged from 10 to 32 days. In patients treated with granulocyte growth factor, it was shorter (16 vs 22 days) as was hospitalization time (27 vs 33 days). The cost of the autograft ranged from 100,000 FF to 250,000 FF and the average cost for the 16 patients was 149,500 FF including: 83,600 FF (56.4%) for hospitalization itself, 33,200 FF (22%) for drugs, mostly antibiotics, and 19,000 FF (13%) for laboratory examinations and 14,000 FF (9%) for blood transfusions. Total cost was lower in patients given granulocyte growth factor, 142,000 FF vs 166,000 FF for those given placebo. CONCLUSION: In order to shorten the duration of the aplasia period, haematopoietic growth factors are widely used in autograft protocols. Our findings give an evaluation of the cost in 16 patients and show that cost decreases in patients given granulocyte growth factor. This reduction is cost is related to a lower hospitalization cost and not a reduction in the number of drugs and transfusions required.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Vitamin, trace element and peroxide status in HIV seropositive patients: asymptomatic patients present a severe beta-carotene deficiency.

We have investigated whether nutritional status and peroxidation process are associated with the degree of development of HIV infection. This was done by measuring the status of vitamins (E, A and beta-carotene), of antioxidant trace elements (zinc, selenium) and lipid peroxide levels (lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactants) in HIV-seropositive patients at CDC II and CDC IV stages and in comparison with normal subjects. There was a decrease in vitamin and trace element levels related to the severity of disease. The most dramatic decrease, however, was seen for carotenoids (0.94 +/- 0.46 mumol/l) and beta-carotene (0.24 +/- 0.14 mumol/l vs. 0.56 +/- 0.29 mumol/l) whose stage II levels were only half the normal value. Paradoxically, lipid peroxidation was higher at stage II than at stage IV. This can be attributed to an overproduction of oxygen radicals by polymorphonuclears in stage II. This deficiency in antioxidant status, often found in patients suffering from peroxidative diseases, may have important consequences on cellular immunity. Furthermore, the concomitant overproduction of free radicals may also affect HIV multiplication.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Detection of small and large genomes of hepatitis D virus in serum of patients with hepatitis D.

By combining the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with restriction enzyme digestion technologies, we characterized the genomes for the small and large delta proteins of HDV in retrospective analysis of sera from 10 patients with varied clinical outcomes. Both small and large genomes of HDV were present in all 13 serum samples from the 6 acute and 4 chronic cases studied, while the specific HDV proteins (P24 and P27) could be detected by immunoblot analysis in only 4 of them. The relative amounts and ratios of the genomes for the large and the small proteins of HDV were different for each individual. The molecular ratio of large to small HDV genomes in serum correlated with viral replication. When the replication of HDV RNA increased, the ratio decreased and vice-versa. No specific correlation, however, was found between the ratio of both molecular forms and the clinical outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in patients infected with HIV.

Deficiency in antioxidant micronutrients have been observed in patients with AIDS. These observations concerning only some isolated nutrients demonstrate a defect in zinc, selenium, and glutathione. An increase in free radical production and lipid peroxidation has been also found in these patients, and takes a great importance with recent papers presenting an immunodeficiency and more important an increase in HIV-1 replication secondary to free radicals overproduction. We have assessed different studies, trying to obtain a global view of the antioxidant status of these patients. In adults we observe a progressive decrease for zinc, selenium, and vitamin E with the severity of disease, except that selenium remains normal at stage II. However, the main dramatic decrease concerns carotenoids whose level at stage II is only half the normal value. To understand if these decreases in antioxidant and increases in oxidative stress occur secondary to the aggravation of the disease or, conversely, are responsible for it, we undertook a longitudinal survey of asymptotic patients. The preliminary results of this evaluation are presented. Paradoxically, lipid peroxidation is higher at stage II than at stage IV. This may be consecutive to a more intense overproduction of oxygen free radicals by more viable polymorphonuclear (PMN) at the asymptomatic stage. The free radicals production and lipid peroxidation seem secondary to a direct induction by the virus of PMN stimulation and cytokines secretion. N-Acetyl cysteine or ascorbate have been demonstrated in cell culture to be capable of blocking the expression of HIV-1 after oxidative stress and N-acetyl cysteine inhibits in vitro TNF-induced apoptosis of infected cells. In regard to all these experimental data, few serious and large trials of antioxidants have been conducted in HIV-infected patients, although some preliminary studies using zinc or selenium have been performed. In our opinion it is now time to evaluate in humans the beneficial effect of antioxidants. The more promising candidates for presenting synergistic effects when associated with N-acetyl cysteine seem to be beta-carotene, selenium and zinc.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

On the spectral properties of Doppler thread phantoms.

It is shown that some of the threads used in Doppler phantoms have a repetitive structure which leads to peaks in the angular distribution of the backscattered power at beam axis-to-flow angles of theta = 90 degrees and approximately theta = 70 degrees. This nonuniform scattering does not significantly interfere with modelling the Doppler spectrum peak as a function of velocity and beam-to-thread angle, but makes it impossible to model the spectral width as a function of these parameters. A new plaited structure is described which has a periodicity too small to lead to subsidiary reflection peaks, and which has a more uniform backscattering profile than the other threads studied.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1994

Correlated intramolecular motions and diffuse X-ray scattering in lysozyme.

Correlated motions of protein atoms are of biological significance in processes involving ligand binding, conformational change and information transmission. X-ray scattering patterns from protein crystals contain diffuse scattering that originates from correlated displacements of atoms. Here we present experimental data on diffuse X-ray scattering from lysozyme crystals. We show that the diffuse scattering is similar in form to scattering derived from molecular dynamics simulation and normal mode analysis of the isolated protein, the normal modes giving the closest agreement with experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of liver lymphomyeloid cells in mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites.

We have isolated, characterized and quantified the immunocompetent cells present in the extravascular hepatic compartment at various stages after Plasmodium yoelii malaria infection with sporozoites. Cytological analyses revealed a predominantly lymphoid population. In mice with a primary infection, the predominant cells were CD4+, CD8+ and B lymphocytes. In fully protected mice, CD3+ CD4- CD8- and polymorphonuclear cells, particularly eosinophils, were most common. The significance of changes in subpopulations is discussed in relation to antigen presentation and host-protective mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Supplements during pregnancy: fad or necessity?].

Needs for vitamins and micronutriments, enzyme cofactors in various metabolic processes, are notably increased during pregnancy in order to satisfy the requirements of fetal and placental growth. Limited maternal stores and an often inadequate dietary intake lead to deficiency, the materno-foetal consequences of which are beginning to be discerned: supplements thus appear to be useful. While there is hardly any discussion regarding iron and calcium, the authors feel that it should be broader, including water-soluble vitamins, magnesium and trace elements, in such a way as to deal with widely encountered microdeficiencies and with metabolic inter-relations. Recent studies appear to show that, rather than being selective and seeking out a "high risk" population, supplements should be given routinely to all pregnant women because of their low costs in relation to expected health benefits.

Deficiency Diseases↗
PubMed1993

Zinc deficiency and dietary folate metabolism in pregnant rats.

Five groups of pregnant Wistar rats (zinc-deficient diet without folate supplementation; folinic acid, folate monoglutamate, folate polyglutamate-supplemented groups receiving zinc-deficient diet; pair-fed groups as controls) were fed from day one of fertilization with a semisynthetic zinc-deficient diet containing 0.2 mg/kg of Zn in the diet for the 4 deficient groups and 100 mg/kg for the pair-fed group. After 20 days, the zinc status (plasma, liver, femoral bone) was significantly decreased in the zinc-deficient groups. The liver and plasma folate levels were lower in the zinc-deficient groups compared to the pair-fed group. Moreover, the folinic acid and the polyglutamate folate supplementations (100 mg/kg diet) did not normalize the folate status of the animals. Only the supplementation with folate monoglutamate led to correct folate levels in the pregnant rats. Nevertheless, no form of folate supplementation prevented fetal growth retardation in any of the zinc-deficient groups. These results indicate that zinc deficiency in pregnant rats decreases folate bioavailability of folinic acid, folate polyglutamates and, to a lesser extent, that of folate monoglutamate. However, no form of folate supplementation (i.e., folate monoglutamate) prevents fetal growth defect and the incidence of malformation in zinc-deficient rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Lipid peroxidation and trace element status in diabetic ketotic patients: influence of insulin therapy.

Lipid peroxidation is known to accelerate aging and microvascular lesions in diabetic patients. We studied the acute influence of improved glycemic control on the concentrations of plasma lipid peroxidation intermediates [malondialdehydes (MDA), organic hydroperoxides (OHP)] in ketotic insulin-dependent diabetic patients, as well as the interplay of enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), and trace elements (Zn, Se, Cu) postulated to be involved in free radical protection. These plasma components were measured on the first day of hospitalization (T0) and when the patient had attained a stable glycemic state after continuous insulin treatment (T1). Plasma MDA and OHP concentrations were high at the beginning of the study but approached reference values after glycemic equilibration. Plasma zinc concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased during the ketotic state, but also approached reference values with glycemic equilibration. Plasma selenium concentrations and GPX activity were relatively unchanged between T0 and T1. Erythrocyte GPX activity measured at T1 in six patients was below the reference values, whereas CuZn-SOD activity was not affected. Our results show that enhanced lipid peroxidation is associated with decreased zinc plasma concentrations in ketotic patients and underline the beneficial effects of continuous insulin infusion. The mechanisms involved are still unclear but may indicate the importance of extracellular zinc transfer secondary to glycemic disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of an acute zinc depletion on rat lipoprotein distribution and peroxidation.

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which zinc depletion leads to lipoprotein modifications by measuring both lipoprotein-fraction distribution and peroxidation in zinc-depleted rats. The animals were divided into three groups and fed for 8 wk a zinc-adequate diet (100 ppm) ad libitum (AL), a zinc-deficient diet (0.2 ppm) ad libitum (ZD), or a zinc-adequate diet according to the pair feeding method (PF). Trace-element status, tissular lipids, and lipoprotein-fraction study were performed. The MDA production by the lipoprotein fraction was measured before and after induced peroxidation. Cholesterol and phospholipids were increased in ZD rats. An important increase of VLDL and IDL was observed and a significant enhanced production of MDA by the LDL was related to zinc deficiency. From this observation, we may conclude that LDL fractions of ZD rats are more susceptible to induced oxidative damage. These results suggest that in zinc deficiency, the lipoprotein fragility is an aggravating factor of peroxidation and the dyslipoproteinemia may lead to an atherogenic risk.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Consequences for public hospital of the law of December 20th 1988 (Huriet law), concerning the protection of persons used for biomedical researches].

Does the public hospital have the capability of harbouring this research? In any case, it is an important mission entrusted to it by the Huriet law. But even before the law has come into effect (the date of applicability was initially set for January 1st 1990, postponed until June 1st 1990, and then further pushed back to December 31st 1990 due to the lack of publication of corresponding application decrees), its text has prompted many questions and much debate among numerous health sectors. We are limited in the extent to which we may estimate, within the context of the public hospital, the sphere of application and the ramifications of the Huriet law, particularly in the matters of expenses, the responsibility assumed by the hospitals' pharmacy, and the arrangement for the hospitals' management. In effect, while waiting for the expected creation of local committees for the protection of public health, the ethics committees which already exist in many hospitals carry on with their works in the spirit of this new law. The result is an accelerated awareness of the difficulties foreseen in putting this law into effect. It is these difficulties of application that we have tried to analyze.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Use of prostaglandin E1 for prevention of liver veno-occlusive disease in leukaemic patients treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was used to prevent veno-occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for leukaemia. It was given in continuous i.v. infusion from day--8 to day 30 after BMT at a dose of 0.3 micrograms/kg/h. The patients were studied according to the risk factors for VOD: diagnosis, intensification of the conditioning and previous liver abnormalities. The diagnosis of VOD was made on at least two of the following factors: weight gain, hepatomegaly, jaundice, ascitis, pain of the right upper quadrant, increased platelet consumption. 109 patients were studied, 50 were treated by PGE1 and 59 did not receive it. The actuarial incidence of VOD was 12.2% in the PGE1 group and 25.5% in the non PGE1 group (P = 0.05). In acute leukaemia, the incidence was 39.1% in the non-treated group and 12.8% in the PGE1 treated group (P = 0.02). Patients with previous hepatitis had an incidence of 62.5% in the non treated group and 15.5% in the treated group (P = 0.05). A positive cytomegalovirus (CMV) serology seemed to increase the risk of VOD: the incidence of VOD was 31.4% in non-treated patients and 22% in PGE1 treated patients. The multivariate analysis of the risk factors for VOD shows that unfavourable factors were: recipient positive CMV serology (P = 0.06), hepatic disease prior to transplant (P = 0.02) and the absence of PGE1 treatment (P = 0.02). This study suggests that prophylactic PGE1 treatment may decrease the incidence of VOD in patients treated for leukaemia by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical profile of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma on cryostat and paraffin sections.

Thirty cases of primary (23 cases) and secondary (seven cases) cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) were studied by immunohistochemistry using a selected monoclonal antibody (MoAb) panel on both cryostat and paraffin sections. On cryostat sections all CBCL so tested were positive for surface membrane immunoglobulins (IgMk most often) and B-cell antigens (CD22+, CD37+) with a variable T-cell-reactive component identified by MoAbs against T-cell antigens (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8). CD4-positive stromal T-cells were usually more numerous than CD8-positive cells. A strong (50-75% of total cells) stromal T-cell (CD2+, CD3+) reaction was found in centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma. Small numbers of CD1+ Langerhans cells were found in most cases, but they were present in large numbers in follicular lymphoma. On paraffin sections, a combination of MoAbs against B-associated antigens (LN-1, MB2) identified B-cell lineage in virtually all cases of CBCL. CBCL was negative for MoAbs against T-associated antigens (MT1, UCHL1) with rare exceptions (two cases). However, MT1 and UCHL1 combined identified the T-cell nature of all cases of nonepidermotropic, nonmycosis T-cell lymphoma, which were initially predictive of B-lineage by histologic pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Role of PGE1 to prevent veno-occlusive disease of the liver after bone marrow transplantation.

Prostaglandin E1 was used to prevent veno-occlusive disease of the liver after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for leukemia. It was given in continuous IV infusion from day -8 to day 30 after BMT at the dose of 0.3 microgram/kg/h. The patients were studied according to the risk factors of VOD: diagnosis, intensification of the conditioning and previous liver abnormalities. The diagnosis of VOD was made on at least two of the following factors: weight gain, hepatomegaly, jaundice, ascitis, pain of the right upper quadrant, increased platelet consumption. One hundred and nine patients were studied, 50 were treated by PGE1 and 59 did not receive it. Univariate analysis shows that the actuarial incidence of VOD was 12.2% in the PGE1 group and 25.5% in the non PGE1 group (P = 0.05). In acute leukemia, it was 39.1% in the non treated group and 12.8% in the PGE1 treated group (P = 0.02). Patients with previous hepatitis had an incidence of 62.5% in the non treated group and 15.5% in the treated group (P = 0.05). A positive CMV serology seemed to increase the risk of VOD: the incidence of VOD was 31.4% in non treated patients and 22% in PGE1 treated patients. The multivariate analysis of the risk factors of VOD show that unfavorable factors were: recipient positive CMV serology (P = 0.06), hepatic disease prior to transplant (P = 0.02) and the absence of PGE1 treatment (P = 0.02). This study suggests that prophylactic PGE1 treatment may decrease the incidence of VOD in patients at risk treated for leukemia by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1986

[Absorbable material in surgery].

Synthetic absorbable sutures, copolymers of sugars absorbed slowly by hydrolysis within defined periods of time and well tolerated by tissues, are resistant to infection and in biological fluids. They represent, after 15 years of use, more than 50% of suture material employed in surgery, and although limited for a long time to thread they are now available as trellis, clips, visceral prostheses and staples in all surgical disciplines. Future perspectives are discussed.

Absorption↗