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Biomedical subjects

P Fan

Publications and source records attributed to P Fan.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Serum lipids and apolipoproteins AI, B100, CI, CII, and CIII in 142 patients with coronary heart disease].

Serum triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and apolipoproteins AI, B100, CI, CII and CIII were analyzed in 142 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 64 age-matched healthy subjects in the Chengdu area. Significantly increased TG and decreased HDL-C were found in the CHD patients (P less than 0.001). Serum apo AI and CII were significantly decreased in the CHD patients compared with the normal subjects (P less than 0.01 or P less than 0.001). Serum apo B100 and CIII were slightly higher in the CHD group than in the normal group (P less than 0.001 or P less than 0.05). No significant differences were observed in apo CI levels in the CHD patients when compared with the normal subjects. The results were discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Quantitation of human serum apolipoprotein CII by radial immunodiffusion assay].

A radial immunodiffusion assay (RID) for quantitation of human serum apolipoprotein CII (apoCII) was developed. Antiserum to apoCII was raised in goats with purified apoCII. The antibody-gel plate was prepared with 1% agarose. 5 microliters of each sample or standard serum was added in a well. Diffusion was performed at 25 degrees C or 37 degrees C for 48 h. The standard curve with a working range of 0.8-4.5 mg/dl was plotted. The minimum measurable concentration of apoCII was 40 ng. The intra-assay and inter-assay CV were 1.4-3.5% and 1.3-3.6% respectively. The recovery of the assay was 92.38-104.35%. The concentrations of apoCII for healthy adults and patients with hyperlipidemia were 3.9 +/- 1.7 mg/dl (M +/- SD, n = 67) and 5.9 +/- 2.5 mg/dl (n = 43) respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of low glucose concentration on synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampal slice.

Severe hypoglycemia in vivo is known to slow down the EEG, then to produce complete electrical silence in the brain. To find out why low glucose concentrations reduce electrical activity, synaptic transmission from Schaffer collateral/commissural fibers to CA1 pyramidal cells in the submerged rat hippocampal slice was investigated using extracellular recording techniques. Superfusion for 30 min with 1 mM glucose reversibly reduced population spike amplitude, without affecting the size of the presynaptic volley and the slope of the field EPSP. Lower glucose concentrations also affected the EPSP, although to a lesser extent than the population spike. Antidromic population spikes were not decreased by low glucose. Depolarization with 8-10 mM K+ reduced both presynaptic volley amplitude and EPSP, but enhanced the population spike, an effect clearly different from that of low glucose. The slope of the input/output curve between presynaptic volley and EPSP remained unaltered in 1 mM glucose but the slope between EPSP and population spike was reduced by about 50%. Results suggest that low glucose concentrations interrupt synaptic transmission by reducing, but not abolishing, the excitability of pyramidal cells.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1985

Indomethacin therapy for hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma.

Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPO) is a disabling complication of lung cancer often requiring thoracotomy with vagotomy for control of pain. This condition was confirmed by scintigraphy in six consecutive patients with biopsy-proved lung cancer. All had characteristic bone and joint pain unresponsive to a variety of analgesics. Treatment with indomethacin gave dramatic relief of pain within 72 hours in all six. Consideration should be given to instituting a controlled trial to establish the efficacy of indomethacin for the treatment of HPO.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Synovial cyst presenting as forearm mass.

A 43-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis that involved primarily the hands and feet was seen at Veterans Administration Wadsworth Medical Center, Los Angeles, for a painless mass on the left forearm. An antecubital synovial cyst was diagnosed on the basis of results of ultrasonography and arthrography. Arthrocentesis of the elbow joint yielded 5 ml of serous fluid. Intraarticular injection of a corticosteroid resulted in complete resolution of the mass within three days, thus surgery was avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Double-blind placebo controlled crossover evaluation of levamisole in rheumatoid arthritis.

During levamisole therapy, 14 of 20 patients with previously unresponsive rheumatoid arthritis had significant improvement (P less than 0.05) in clinical measures of disease activity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and rheumatoid factor titer in a 32-week double-blind placebo controlled crossover trial. Levamisole was shown to alter antibody responses to tetanus and typhoid antigens, lymphocyte blastogenesis to phytohemagglutinins, and the number of null cells in peripheral blood. Agranulocytosis and rash resulted in discontinuation of the drug in one patient in each group. Though clearly effective, routine use of levamisole as a disease suppressant in rheumatoid arthritis must await more complete clarification of its association with agranulocytosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A computer directed pneumatic tube system: its effects on specimens.

When the new Erie County Medical Center (Buffalo, NY) was built, a pneumatic tube network, manufactured by Mosler Airmatic and Electronic Systems Company, was installed. This network, called the Mosler System 4000, was designed to handle 600 transactions per hour in the hospital, and therefore had to have a high carrier speed (8m/sec). When blood specimens were sent through the system, blood cells were slightly damaged and lactic dehydrogenase activity in the serum was consistently elevated. But neither acidic phosphatase, potassium, blood gases nor urinary casts were significantly affected by tube transport.

Blood↗
PubMed1979

Plasmapheresis and lymphoplasmapheresis in the management of rheumatoid arthritis.

We have demonstrated the efficacy of therapeutic pheresis in a number of rheumatic diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ten of 12 patients with RA went into remissions averaging 4 months. These patients were pheresed 20 times over 11 weeks in a tapering fashion on a Haemonetics Model 30 Blood Processor. Clinical remissions were sustained even though serologies, immunoglobulins, immune functions, sedimentation rates, and circulating immune complexes returned to their pre-pheresis baseline by pheresis number 20. All these patients were taking gold or D-penicillamine concurrently, but neither of the 2 patients who failed to respond was on these agents. Plasmapheresis was just as effective as lymphoplasmapheresis. It is theorized that removal of a plasma factor that modulates lymphocyte or neutrophil function produces remissions in RA and that long-acting drugs (e.g., gold or penicillamine) are able to prevent its continued production and produce a sustained remission.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of high-dose troglitaz one on insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits.

UNLABELLED: To clarify the dose-response effects of troglitazone on insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, we examined the effects of high-dose troglitazone (100 mg/day per animal, administered as a food admixture) on glucose and insulin metabolism in hyperinsulinemic Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, and compared the results with our previous results with low-dose troglitazone (10 mg /day per animal). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Glucose and insulin metabolism were quantitatively characterized by a minimal model technique as reported previously. RESULTS: When troglitazone was administrated at a high dose for 6 months, it reduced hyperinsulinemia as reflected by a reduced basal (steady-state) insulin concentration lb and the insulin response to a glucose load, improved beta-cell function as reflected by decreased second-phase post-hepatic insulin delivery to glucose phi2, and reduced insulin resistance as reflected by increased insulin sensitivity to glucose disposal Si, without affecting glucose tolerance as reflected by an unchanged rate of glucose utilization Kg or insulin-independent glucose disposal Sg. The reductions in Ib and phi2 and the increases in Si in WHHL rabbits treated with a high dose of troglitazone were greater (p<0.05) than those observed in WHHL rabbits treated with a low dose of troglitazone, as assessed by a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. CONCLUSION: In WHHL rabbits, troglitazone dose-dependently reduced hyperinsulinemia, improved beta-cell function, and increased insulin sensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment planning dosimetric parameters for a (90)Y coil source used in intravascular brachytherapy.

BACKGROUND: (90)Y coil sources have been used in animal and clinical trials for treatment of restenosis in intravascular brachytherapy (IVBT). This study aims to determine the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group-60 (TG-60) dosimetric quantities in regions surrounding the balloon wall for use in treatment planning computer systems. METHODS: The Monte Carlo method was used to determine the dose distribution, using MCNP4B2 code. The coil source was modeled by a hollow cylinder of 2.9 cm length centered in a balloon (2.5 mm diameter) filled with carbon dioxide (CO(2)) at 5 atm. Scoring voxels consisted of contiguous annular disk shells with 0.1 mm spacing in the radial direction and 0.2 mm spacing in the longitudinal direction. The scoring region ranges from the center of the source to 1.0 cm in the longitudinal direction, and from 0.13 to 1 cm in the radial direction. In the plane containing the source axis, the Monte Carlo-generated doses in rectilinear coordinates are converted to polar coordinates. RESULTS: The dose rate of the source is provided in both Cartesian and polar coordinates. The dose rate constant [D(r(0),theta(0))], anisotropy function [F(r,theta)], and radial dose function [g(r)] were generated from these values and listed in tabular format. At shallow angles and longer distances from the source center, large values of the anisotropy function resulted, deviating two orders of magnitude from unity. CONCLUSIONS The doses given to the intima, media, and adventitia are very crucial quantities in IVBT. The calculated TG-60 dosimetric quantities, used commonly in conventional brachytherapy applications, provide a means for the user to determine the three-dimensional dose surrounding the balloon catheter. These parameters can be used in future treatment planning system for IVBT. We also discuss the need to develop a new formalism specific to longer sources used in IVBT.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ytterbium-169: a promising new radionuclide for intravascular brachytherapy.

PURPOSE: To explore the feasibility of 169Yb (gamma, 93 keV) as a new radionuclide for intravascular brachytherapy (IVBT) in terms of dose distribution, penetration power, and radiation safety features as compared with 125I and 192Ir. METHODS: The dose distributions for catheter-based sources, 169Yb, 125I, and 192Ir, in homogeneous water and in the presence of calcium and a steel stent have been determined and compared using the Monte Carlo method (MCNP4B2 code). The dose rates of the sources were evaluated from 0.02 to 100 cm. RESULTS: In the short distance range (0.02<r<1.0 cm), the dose distributions in homogeneous water are very similar for the three radionuclides when the dose rates are normalized at 2 mm. Between 1 and 20 cm, the relative dose rates fall off similarly for 169Yb and 192Ir, whereas for 125I, it decreases much more rapidly. At a distance further away (r approximately 100 cm), the dose rate of 169Yb is about 10 times lower than that of 192Ir, indicating the cathlab radiation shielding requirement for 169Yb is substantially reduced as compared with 192Ir. Calcified plaques and stents cause a drastic dose reduction in the arterial wall for 125I, but have no effect for 192Ir gamma-rays. Only slight dose reductions were detected for 169Yb beyond a layer of 1.0-mm calcium (2-3%), and behind a steel stent strut (5%). CONCLUSION: 169Yb is a promising new radionuclide for IVBT. It has a much better penetrating power through calcified plaques and stents compared with the low-energy source 125I. It also provides easier radiation protection measures for cardiac cathlab personnel than the high-energy source 192Ir, while preserving a favorable dose distribution in tissues surrounding an arterial vessel.

Brachytherapy↗